Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

About: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is a government organization based out in Sofia, Bulgaria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Coupling constant. The organization has 17989 authors who have published 36276 publications receiving 642820 citations. The organization is also known as: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences，簡稱：BAS & Balgarska Akademiya na Naukite.

Role of genetic background in somatic embryogenesis in Medicago

Abstract: Seventy-six cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., M. falcata L. and M. varia Martyn) were tested in vitro for their capacity to produce callus and somatic embryos. A three-step media protocol was used to survey the response of the cotyledons and hypocotyl of each genotype while the epicotyl region was conserved in order to recover highly responding genotypes. The best regeneration response was observed in creepingrooted cultivars which contained a strong genetic contribution of two landrace germplasm sources, defined as M. falcata and Ladak, in their ancestry. The callus and embryogenesis responses showed a high degree of variation both between cultivars and among the plants of many of the 76 cultivars tested. A higher number of plants produced somatic embryos in the high regenerating cultivars compared to the low regenerating cultivars regardless of the media protocol or explant.

Tocopherol stabilizes membrane against phospholipase A, free fatty acids, and lysophospholipids.

Abstract: Tocopherols (vitamin E) are indispensable components of the lipid bilayer of biological membranes; a decrease in their content brings about structural and functional damage of the It is generally known that vitamin E is a lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes, functioning as a free radical scavenger to prevent lipid per~xidation.~.~ In addition to its antioxidant function, tocopherols are capable of quenching singlet molecular oxygen, thus protecting membranes against light-induced oxidative Besides this antioxidative role, vitamin E may become incorporated into biological membranes through a physicochemical association of the tocopherol side chain with polyenoic fatty acid residues in membrane phospholipids, that is, by way of van der Waals interaction^.'^' These molecular mechanisms underlying the biological effects of tocopherols have been studied in great detail and are generally accepted (FIG. 1 ). Recently it has been demonstrated that in addition to its antioxidant and physicochemical stabilizing effects in biological membranes, vitamin E can protect biological membranes against the damaging action of phospholipases, especially phospholipase A, as well as against the phospholipid hydrolysis products by phospholipase A, namely, free fatty acids and lysophospholipids?2‘o The aim of the present paper is to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying protective effects of vitamin E in lipid bilayers as well as in natural membranes in which modification of physical properties or damage was due to the presence of free fatty acids, lysophospholipids, or both. It is noteworthy that sharp elevation of concentrations of the phospholipid hydrolysis products is a characteristic feature of many pathological processes, such as ischemia, stress damages, and hypoxia.”.”

EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats

Abstract: EUNIS Habitat Classification is a standard classification of European habitats. We developed the classification expert system EUNIS‐ESy, which assigns vegetation plots to EUNIS habitats based on their species composition and geographic location. We classified 1,261,373 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive and determined characteristic species combinations and prepared distribution maps for 199 habitats at Level 3 of EUNIS hierarchy.

Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at √s=13 TeV

Abstract: A measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV is presented. The analysis is based on events with energy deposits in the forward calorimeters, which cover pseudorapidities of −6.6 4.1 GeV and/or M$_{Y}$ > 13 GeV, where M$_{X}$ and M$_{Y}$ are the masses of the diffractive dissociation systems at negative and positive pseudorapidities, respectively. The results are compared with those from other experiments as well as to predictions from high-energy hadron-hadron interaction models.