Showing papers by "Cochin University of Science and Technology published in 2021"
Guillaume Lebreton1, Matthieu Schmidt1, Maharajah Ponnaiah1, Thierry Folliguet2 +173 more•Institutions (4)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an analysis of all adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring ECMO who were admitted to 17 Greater Paris intensive care units between March 8 and June 3, 2020.
145 citations
TL;DR: Various data decomposition techniques that can denoise the signal are investigated and applied to partition the input time series into several high and low-frequency signals and establish that the proposed EWT- based hybrid model outperforms other decomposition-based models in accuracy and stability.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the immune cell landscape, with emphasis on Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, in cohorts totaling 208 patients with various stages of disease and found that altered MAIT cell functions due to IFN-α-IL-18 imbalance contribute to disease severity, and their therapeutic manipulation may prevent deleterious inflammation in COVID-19 aggravation.
Abstract: Immune system dysfunction is paramount in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and fatality rate. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells involved in mucosal immunity and protection against viral infections. Here, we studied the immune cell landscape, with emphasis on MAIT cells, in cohorts totaling 208 patients with various stages of disease. MAIT cell frequency is strongly reduced in blood. They display a strong activated and cytotoxic phenotype that is more pronounced in lungs. Blood MAIT cell alterations positively correlate with the activation of other innate cells, proinflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin (IL)-18, and with the severity and mortality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We also identified a monocyte/macrophage interferon (IFN)-α-IL-18 cytokine shift and the ability of infected macrophages to induce the cytotoxicity of MAIT cells in an MR1-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that altered MAIT cell functions due to IFN-α-IL-18 imbalance contribute to disease severity, and their therapeutic manipulation may prevent deleterious inflammation in COVID-19 aggravation.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental mechanism and interfacial charge transfer dynamics in TiO2/graphene nanocomposites are reviewed and the design strategies of various graphene-based hybrids are highlighted along with some specialized synthetic routes adopted to attain preferred properties.
103 citations
TL;DR: The study is the first of its kind to report the detection of microplastics in edible tissues of a squid species and suggested an annual dietary intake of about 13 ± 58 microplastic particles per year by shellfish consumers, which can vary based on the species, quantity, and extent of gut removal of seafood consumed.
90 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of microplastic pollution rampant in street dust, especially in coastal cities as Chennai, is a dire need as it pertains to the concerns of human health and escape into the marine environment.
63 citations
TL;DR: The Pneumonia Short Treatment (PTC) trial as mentioned in this paper evaluated the need for an additional 5-day course of β-lactam therapy among patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were stable after 3 days of treatment.
59 citations
TL;DR: A review of evolution of safety risk assessment and security risk assessment methodologies towards Bayesian Networks and its applications in process industries is provided to bring out the strengths and weaknesses of Bayesian networks as opposed to traditional and competing methods and to provide directions for future research.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the most effective treatment for variable species of organisms and physico-chemical parameters present in the ballast tank was found to be the most energy efficient, cost effective, low power consuming and able to inactivate 100% of organisms.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a primary objective is to analyze the multiple parameters for mapping of groundwater potential zones in the Karumeniyar river basin located in Southern India using integrated remote sensing, GIS and geophysical techniques.
47 citations
TL;DR: A novel architecture for Brain tumor classification and tumor type object detection using the RCNN technique is proposed which has been analyzed using two publicly available datasets from Figshare and Kaggle.
TL;DR: This review gives an overview of recent inventions in hurdle technology for bacterial decontamination, combining different thermal and non-thermal processing techniques in various food products.
Rockefeller University1, University of Paris2, Pennsylvania State University3, McGill University4, University of Cambridge5, University of New South Wales6, Garvan Institute of Medical Research7, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences8, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences9, Stanford University10, Tokyo Institute of Technology11, Qatar Airways12, German Cancer Research Center13, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven14, Thomas Jefferson University15, University of Southern California16, Cochin University of Science and Technology17, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences18, Pasteur Institute19
TL;DR: In this paper, a patient with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-2-driven "treeman" phenotype and two relatives with unusually severe HPV4-driven warts were found to be unexpectedly homozygous for a private CD28 variant.
The Catholic University of America1, National University of Ireland, Galway2, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens3, Cleveland Clinic4, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven5, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust6, Cochin University of Science and Technology7, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust8, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust9
TL;DR: The criteria of choice and management of peripheral venous access (i.e., new devices, new techniques of insertion, new recommendations for maintenance) have recently changed and several innovations have been recently changed as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Since several innovations have recently changed the criteria of choice and management of peripheral venous access (new devices, new techniques of insertion, new recommendations for maintenance), th...
TL;DR: HEWL exhibits a tunable antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to the maximum binding of HEWL with gold nanoparticles, and the combination therapy of protein-gold nanoparticles could prove to be a new approach in medical field in the near future.
25 Dec 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extracted chitosan from deep-sea mud shrimp (Solenocera hextii) shell waste using a chemical method by altering the deacetylation times.
Abstract: Extraction of chitosan from deep-sea mud shrimp (Solenocera hextii) shell waste was conducted using a chemical method by altering the deacetylation times. The degree of deacetylation of extracted chitosan were 75.5 ± 0.36, 85 ± 0.38 and 87± 0.32 %, and the molecular weights were 263.95±1.16, 52.61± 0.44, and 5.15± 0.14 kDa respectively for CH-1.5, CH-3, and CH-6. Deacetylation time significantly influenced the structure and physicochemical properties of chitosan. SEM results exposed smooth granular surface structure and XRD peaks obtained were identical with commercial chitosan. Deacetylation time for CH-3 was found optimum for commercial extraction of this natural biopolymer resource. Water binding and fat binding capacities of the extracted deep-sea mud shrimp chitosan were significantly higher than commercial chitosan from coastal shrimp and are suitable for many functional food applications.
TL;DR: This paper investigates the effectiveness of a new approach that uses malware visualization, for overcoming the problems related to the features selection and extraction, along with deep learning classification, whose performances are less sensitive to a small dataset than machine learning.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided an overview regarding the applications of electromagnetic radiation techniques such as Gamma irradiation, X-ray, accelerated electron, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio waves for decontamination of fungi and mycotoxins in food products.
Abstract: Background Using emerging technologies such as electromagnetic radiation is introduced to cover a wide range of food processing targets, including decontamination of mycotoxin as a global concern. In this regard, ionising and non-ionising radiations are widely used for mycotoxin decontamination and fungi inactivation in the food and agriculture sectors. Scope and approach The current article provides an overview regarding the applications of electromagnetic radiation techniques such as Gamma irradiation, X-ray, accelerated electron, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio waves for decontamination of fungi and mycotoxins in food products. Besides, the mechanism involved and legislative aspects were discussed. Key findings and conclusions Most radiation treatments offer remarkable effects on fungi’ inactivation and a further reduction in mycotoxin content. Simultaneously, decontamination efficacy depends on fungi and mycotoxin and used a dose of radiation and food characteristics. However, the most efficient decontamination was shown by UV and electron beam. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the efficacy of decontamination by X-rays and visible light. Combining preventive methods with decontamination techniques can result in further reduction in the risk of mycotoxin contamination.
TL;DR: In this article, a two-step solvothermal synthesis was adopted to prepare AgXSe2-TiO2 (X = In, Bi) composites, which exhibited enhanced visible light absorption and reduced band gap in the UV-DRS patterns.
Abstract: A two-step solvothermal synthesis was adopted to prepare AgXSe2-TiO2 (X = In, Bi) composites. DFT study of the pristine parent samples showed the formation of the hexagonal phase of AgBiSe2, and tetragonal phase of AgInSe2 and TiO2, which corroborated the experimentally synthesised structures. Both the AgBiSe2-TiO2 and AgInSe2-TiO2 composites displayed enhanced visible light absorption and reduced band gap in the UV-DRS patterns. The XPS results exhibited a shift in binding energy values and the TEM results showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles of both AgBiSe2 and AgInSe2. The PL signals displayed delayed recombination of the photogenerated excitons. The as synthesised materials were studied for their photocatalytic efficiency, by hydrogen generation, degradation of doxycycline, and antimicrobial disinfection (E. coli and S. aureus). The composite samples illustrated more than 95 % degradation results within 180 min and showed 5 log reductions of bacterial strains within 30 min of light irradiation. The hydrogen production outcomes were significantly improved as the AgBiSe2 and AgInSe2 based composites illustrated 180-fold and 250-fold enhanced output compared to their parent samples. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency displayed is attributed to the delayed charge recombination of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the AgXSe2-TiO2 interface. Formation of a p-n nano heterojunction for AgBiSe2-TiO2 and type II heterojunction for AgInSe2-TiO2 composite are explained.
TL;DR: An overview of marine-based omega-3 fatty acid sources, discuss their health benefits, highlight the challenges involved with their utilization in functional foods, and present the different encapsulation technologies that can be used to improve their performance.
Abstract: Regular consumption of adequate quantities of lipids rich in omega-3 fatty acids is claimed to provide a broad spectrum of health benefits, such as inhibiting inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Lipids isolated from many marine sources are a rich source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the omega-3 form which are claimed to have particularly high biological activities. Functional food products designed to enhance human health and wellbeing are increasingly being fortified with these omega-3 PUFAs because of their potential nutritional and health benefits. However, food fortification with PUFAs is challenging because of their low water-solubility, their tendency to rapidly oxidize, and their variable bioavailability. These challenges can be addressed using advanced encapsulation technologies, which typically involve incorporating the omega-3 oils into well-designed colloidal particles fabricated from food-grade ingredients, such as liposomes, emulsion droplets, nanostructured lipid carriers, or microgels. These omega-3-enriched colloidal dispersions can be used in a fluid form or they can be converted into a powdered form using spray-drying, which facilitates their handling and storage, as well as prolonging their shelf life. In this review, we provide an overview of marine-based omega-3 fatty acid sources, discuss their health benefits, highlight the challenges involved with their utilization in functional foods, and present the different encapsulation technologies that can be used to improve their performance.
University of Perugia1, University of Glasgow2, Charité3, University of L'Aquila4, University of Leeds5, Sapienza University of Rome6, Newcastle University7, University of Paris-Sud8, University of Udine9, University of Bristol10, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust11, University of Barcelona12, University of Oviedo13, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich14, Medical University of Vienna15, University of Amsterdam16, Cochin University of Science and Technology17, French Institute of Health and Medical Research18, Université Paris-Saclay19
TL;DR: In this article, the authors elaborate EULAR Points to consider (PtCs) on COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunomodulatory therapies and highlight the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the need of a multifaceted approach to target different pathophysiological mechanisms.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Severe systemic inflammation associated with some stages of COVID-19 and in fatal cases led therapeutic agents developed or used frequently in Rheumatology being at the vanguard of experimental therapeutics strategies The aim of this project was to elaborate EULAR Points to consider (PtCs) on COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunomodulatory therapies METHODS: PtCs were developed in accordance with EULAR standard operating procedures for endorsed recommendations, led by an international multidisciplinary Task Force, including rheumatologists, translational immunologists, haematologists, paediatricians, patients and health professionals, based on a systemic literature review up to 15 December 2020 Overarching principles (OPs) and PtCs were formulated and consolidated by formal voting RESULTS: Two OPs and fourteen PtCs were developed OPs highlight the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the need of a multifaceted approach to target the different pathophysiological mechanisms PtCs 1-6 encompass the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 including immune response, endothelial dysfunction and biomarkers PtCs 7-14 focus on the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection with immunomodulators There was evidence supporting the use of glucocorticoids, especially dexamethasone, in COVID-19 cases requiring oxygen therapy No other immunomodulator demonstrated efficacy on mortality to date, with however inconsistent results for tocilizumab Immunomodulatory therapy was not associated with higher infection rates CONCLUSIONS: Multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms, including immune abnormalities, play a key role in COVID-19 The efficacy of glucocorticoids in cases requiring oxygen therapy suggests that immunomodulatory treatment might be effective in COVID-19 subsets Involvement of rheumatologists, as systemic inflammatory diseases experts, should continue in ongoing clinical trials delineating optimal immunomodulatory therapy utilisation in COVID-19
TL;DR: An overview of road accident data sources, data analysis techniques, various algorithms used to build road accident forecasts, and also their suitability to the types of data being examined with the ease of interpretation is provided.
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed analysis of these two flood events using data from multiple sources is provided, which reveals that the flood of 2019 in Kerala satisfies the criteria for a mesoscale cloudburst (MsCB) event, more common in the north but a very rare and never before reported phenomenon in the Kerala region.
Abstract: Kerala, located at the southwest tip of India, witnessed disastrous floods during the monsoon seasons of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these two flood events using data from multiple sources. The unusually unstable and convective nature of the 2019 event, as detectable in its higher cloud tops and evidently fuelled by anomalously warm local sea temperatures, raises concerns regarding the changing patterns of rainfall over the southern parts of the west coast of India. Specifically, our analysis reveals that the flood of 2019 in Kerala satisfies the criteria for a mesoscale cloudburst (MsCB) event, more common in the north but a very rare and never before reported phenomenon in the Kerala region. Rainfall exceeding 50 mm in 2 h has been reported from many places between 8.00 and 22.00 UTC on the August 8, 2019. Satellite-derived rainfall and cloud microphysical parameters further reveal the uniqueness of the 2019 MsCB event. If 2019 is a harbinger of how global warming may continue to affect this region, transformations of the cloud structure and the recurrence and character of intense rainfall events could pose a major threat to the highly vulnerable Western Ghats ecosystems.
TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-layer ANN was used for predicting the efficiency of a double-pipe heat exchanger which employs T-W tape inserts with different wing width ratios (w/W) of 0.31, 0.47, and 0.63.
TL;DR: The foam-aerogel composites delivered superior hydrophobic characteristics in terms of contact angle data and displayed superior recyclability features, as first time absorption is retained even after 10 cycles of repeated squeezing and re-absorption operations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study on the seasonal distribution of microplastics in surface waters, sediments, and in commercially important fishes were conducted to evaluate the threats imposed by micro-plastics on the environment and biota of both these coastal ecosystems.
TL;DR: The residual shell obtained after the hydrolysis of Acetes shrimp was used for the extraction of chitin by combining enzymatic and chemical treatments and showed that the protein removal efficiency increases with the increase in DH and the maximum deproteinzation was achieved at 30 % DH.
25 Dec 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, an effort has been made to review cellulose, chitin, and starch, focusing on their preparation and properties of natural rubber (NR) based composites reinforced with these fillers.
Abstract: Biofillers based on cellulose, chitin, starch, and their composites have been topics of interest during the last few decades because of their eco-friendliness, low-cost, and good thermomechanical properties. The biofillers based on plant fibers are hydrophilic that reduce the compatibility with rubber matrix. In this manuscript, an effort has been made to review cellulose, chitin, and starch, focusing on their preparation and properties of natural rubber (NR) based composites reinforced with these fillers. The main characterization properties of NR based composites, such as mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability were discussed. The filler-NR interactions were also explored. The small size of the filler improved the physical interaction between the filler and matrix, and consequently, mechanical, thermal, sorption, crystallinity, and biodegradability of the biofillers/NR composites were found to be improved. Finally, the applications of NR-based composites reinforced with cellulose, chitin, and starch were reviewed in different areas such as medical, food packaging, footwear, sensors and water purification to study their practical uses.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the prevalence and distribution of microplastics in Odisha coast and found that the average microplastic abundance in the nine stations along Odisha coastal beach is 258.7±90.0 particles/kg of beach sediment.