DECHEMA

About: DECHEMA is a nonprofit organization based out in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Corrosion & Oxide. The organization has 756 authors who have published 1307 publications receiving 25693 citations.

Replacing the Ethylmalonyl-CoA Pathway with the Glyoxylate Shunt Provides Metabolic Flexibility in the Central Carbon Metabolism of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1.

Abstract: The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway (EMCP) is an anaplerotic reaction sequence in the central carbon metabolism of numerous Proteo- and Actinobacteria. The pathway features several CoA-bound mono- and dicarboxylic acids that are of interest as platform chemicals for the chemical industry. The EMCP, however, is essential for growth on C1 and C2 carbon substrates and therefore cannot be simply interrupted to drain these intermediates. In this study, we aimed at reengineering central carbon metabolism of the Alphaproteobacterium Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 for the specific production of EMCP derivatives in the supernatant. Establishing a heterologous glyoxylate shunt in M. extorquens AM1 restored wild type-like growth in several EMCP knockout strains on defined minimal medium with acetate as carbon source. We further engineered one of these strains that carried a deletion of the gene encoding crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase to demonstrate in a proof-of-concept the specific production of crotonic acid in the ...

Surface protection of titanium and titanium–aluminum alloys against environmental degradation at elevated temperatures

Abstract: Experiments have been undertaken to explore the possibility of creating an oxygen barrier coating, which is effective in preventing oxidation and oxygen embrittlement of Ti and several low-Al content Ti-base alloys during exposure to oxidizing environments at elevated temperatures. The fabrication process has involved three steps, namely co-deposition of Ti and Al by magnetron sputtering onto a substrate material to be protected, followed by vacuum annealing and plasma immersion ion implantation of fluorine. The first two steps produce an overlay of γ-TiAl while the last step provides the necessary conditions for bringing about the halogen effect upon subsequent high-temperature oxidation. Analysis techniques such as cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) in conjunction with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elastic recoil detection (ERD) have been used to study the microstructure, phase formation and depth distribution of the elements in the coating material. Following oxidation in air at 600 °C for 100 h, specimens have been prepared for metallographic analysis, and their cross sections have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with EDX, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results obtained show that during oxidation exposure the coating is capable of forming a protective alumina-containing scale which serves as an oxygen barrier, thereby preventing oxygen embrittlement. In addition, since the only constituents of the coating are Ti and Al, it exhibits excellent chemical substrate compatibility.

Challenges in Developing Oxidation-Resistant Chromium-Based Alloys for Applications Above 900°C

Abstract: Chromium-based alloys are potential candidates for high-temperature structural applications. This article reviews the challenges of chromium and Cr-alloys used at temperatures higher than 900°C with the focus on their oxidation behavior. First, latest findings on the key environmental factors affecting the oxidation resistance such as volatilization and the impact of nitrogen in air are summarized. Oxidation resistance is addressed with regards to the effects of major alloying elements and reactive elements as well as its correlation with microstructure in multi-phase alloys. Secondly, the existing challenges to develop chromium alloys with enhanced high-temperature oxidation resistance are discussed. It is shown that volatilization and nitridation, the two major obstacles for the use of chromium alloys in air, can be significantly improved by alloy design.

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Alloy Concentration Limits for the Halogen Effect of TiAl Alloys

Abstract: By applying a well defined amount of halogen to the surface of intermetallic TiAl base alloys, their high temperature oxidation resistance can be improved significantly. The socalled halogen effect consists in the preferential reaction of aluminium in the alloy with halogen, which gives rise to the formation of an almost pure alumina layer. The present study aims to provide a theoretical assessment of the Al concentration range where a positive effect is expected.

Microdissection and microcloning of the long arm of human chromosome 7.

Abstract: DNA-fragments from the region of the long arm of human chromosme 7 to which the CF-locus has been mapped recently were isolated by microdissection and microcloning. We developed a new fixation procedure resulting in inserts of 1.0–7.0 kb in length with a mean value of 2.9 kb. Regional mapping of three clones on 7q was carried out by the use of different hybrid cell lines containing fragments of human chromosome 7.