Drexel University

About: Drexel University is a education organization based out in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 26770 authors who have published 51438 publications receiving 1949443 citations. The organization is also known as: Drexel & Drexel Institute.

Search for neutrino oscillations on a long base-line at the CHOOZ nuclear power station

Abstract: This final article about the CHOOZ experiment presents a complete description of the $\bar{ u}_e$ source and detector, the calibration methods and stability checks, the event reconstruction procedures and the Monte Carlo simulation. The data analysis, systematic effects and the methods used to reach our conclusions are fully discussed. Some new remarks are presented on the deduction of the confidence limits and on the correct treatment of systematic errors.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges

Abstract: There has been considerable interest in non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges over the past decade due to the increased number of industrial applications. Diverse applications demand a solid physical and chemical understanding of the operational principals of such discharges. This paper focuses on the four most important and widely used varieties of non-thermal discharges: corona, dielectric barrier, gliding arc and spark discharge. The physics of these discharges is closely related to the breakdown phenomena. The main players in electrical breakdown of gases: avalanches and streamers are also discussed in this paper. Although non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges have been intensively studied for the past century, a clear physical picture of these discharges is yet to be obtained.

On the molecular origin of supercapacitance in nanoporous carbon electrodes

Abstract: Lightweight, low-cost supercapacitors with the capability of rapidly storing a large amount of electrical energy can contribute to meeting continuous energy demands and effectively levelling the cyclic nature of renewable energy sources1. The excellent electrochemical performance of supercapacitors is due to a reversible ion adsorption in porous carbon electrodes. Recently, it was demonstrated that ions from the electrolyte could enter sub nanometre pores, greatly increasing the capacitance2, 3, 4. However, the molecular mechanism of this enhancement remains poorly understood. Here we provide the first quantitative picture of the structure of an ionic liquid adsorbed inside realistically modelled microporous carbon electrodes. We show how the separation of the positive and negative ions occurs inside the porous disordered carbons, yielding much higher capacitance values (125 F g−1) than with simpler electrode geometries5. The proposed mechanism opens the door for the design of materials with improved energy storage capabilities. It also sheds new light on situations where ion adsorption in porous structures or membranes plays a role.

The palliation of brain metastases: Final results of the first two studies by the radiation therapy oncology group

Abstract: Five schedules of whole brain irradiation ranging from 4000 rad/4 weeks to 2000 rad/ 1 week have been evaluated in two sequential phase III randomized Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG I studies to determine palliative effectiveness in patients with metastatic brain disease. Improvement in neurologic function status and maintenance of improved or stable neurologic function were utilized as measures of response. All treatment schedules were comparable with respect to frequency of improvement, duration of improvement, time to progression, survival and palliative index. Important prognosticators of response included initial neurologic function and general performance status. Administration of steroids during irradiation favored more rapid improvement; for neurologic-function-3 patients, it increased the overall frequency of improvement. This result must be interpreted with caution since the administration of steroids was not controlled in either study. Patients whose disease is controlled at the primary site and in whom brain is the only site of metastases, constitute a prognostically favorable group; they may benefit from whole brain irradiation to higher doses. This population is currently under investigation in a third RTOG study.