Institution
Edinburgh Napier University
Education•Edinburgh, United Kingdom•
About: Edinburgh Napier University is a education organization based out in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2665 authors who have published 6859 publications receiving 175272 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: A hypothesis regarding a generic mechanism for the impairment of clearance and associated lung responses is proposed for two poorly soluble dusts, titanium dioxide and barium sulfate, which are known to have low levels of inflammation and translocation to the lymph nodes.
Abstract: In this article the volumetric overload hypothesis, which predicts the impairment of clearance of particles deposited in the lung in terms of particle volume, is reevaluated. The degree to which simple expressions of retained lung burden explain pulmonary responses to overload was investigated using data from a series of chronic inhalation experiments on rats with two poorly soluble dusts, titanium dioxide and barium sulfate. The results indicated that the difference between the dusts in the level of inflammation and translocation to the lymph nodes could be explained most simply when the lung burden was expressed as total particle surface area. The shape of the statistical relationship for both lung responses indicated the presence of a threshold at approximately 200-300 cm(2) of lung burden. On the basis of this and other similar results, a hypothesis regarding a generic mechanism for the impairment of clearance and associated lung responses is proposed for such "low-toxicity" dusts.
418 citations
••
TL;DR: Oxidative stress arising from PM(10) has been shown to activate a number of redox-responsive signaling pathways in lung target cells that play a role in responses relevant to inflammation and pathological change, including MAPKs, NF-kappaB, AP-1, and histone acetylation.
415 citations
••
TL;DR: It is argued that by studying evolved designs of gradually increasing scale, one might be able to discern new, efficient, and generalisable principles of design, which explain how to build systems which are too large to evolve.
Abstract: In a previous work it was argued that by studying evolved designs of gradually increasing scale, one might be able to discern new, efficient, and generalisable principles of design. These ideas are tested in the context of designing digital circuits, particularly arithmetic circuits. This process of discovery is seen as a principle extraction loop in which the evolved data is analysed both phenotypically and genotypically by processes of data mining and landscape analysis. The information extracted is then fed back into the evolutionary algorithm to enhance its search capabilities and hence increase the likelihood of identifying new principles which explain how to build systems which are too large to evolve.
405 citations
••
TL;DR: Why older people are reluctant to participate in leisure time physical activity is investigated and strategies to encourage increased activity are identified to relieve physical symptoms and address fears about perceived ability to undertake physical activity are addressed.
Abstract: Background Regular physical activity has been shown to have many health benefits. However, many older people are physically inactive. Objective To investigate why older people are reluctant to participate in leisure time physical activity and to identify strategies to encourage increased activity. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting 16 general practices in Dundee, Scotland. Methods 409 randomly selected older people (65-84 years) who lived independently were interviewed at home. Forty-six percent of those invited to take part were recruited into the study. Results Levels of knowledge about the specific health benefits of physical activity were high. Almost all participants (95%) believed that physical activity was beneficial and 79% believed that they did enough to keep healthy. However, 36% did no leisure time physical activity and a further 17% did less than 2 hours per week. Regression modelling identified 11 factors that exerted significant independent effects on levels of leisure time physical activity. The most powerful deterrent was lack of interest (OR = 7.8). Other factors included lack of daily access to a car, shortness of breath, joint pain, dislike of going out alone or in the evening, perceived lack of fitness, lack of energy, doubting that exercise can lengthen life, not belonging to a group and doubting that meeting new people is beneficial. Conclusions Increasing leisure time physical activities poses major challenges. Beliefs about desirable levels of activity in older people would need to be changed. Action would be needed to relieve physical symptoms and address fears about perceived ability to undertake physical activity. Finally, easily accessible facilities would be needed to encourage participation in physical activity.
400 citations
••
TL;DR: This cohort study provides estimates of mortality effects from long-term exposure to elemental carbon, an indicator of black carbon mass, and evidence that ozone exerts an independent risk of mortality, and suggests sulphate seems to have the most robust effects in multiple-pollutant models.
400 citations
Authors
Showing all 2727 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
William MacNee | 123 | 472 | 58989 |
Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
Ken Donaldson | 109 | 385 | 47072 |
John Campbell | 107 | 1150 | 56067 |
Muhammad Imran | 94 | 3053 | 51728 |
Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser | 70 | 339 | 17348 |
Vicki Stone | 69 | 204 | 25002 |
Sharon K. Parker | 68 | 238 | 21089 |
Matt Nicholl | 66 | 224 | 15208 |
John H. Adams | 66 | 354 | 16169 |
Darren J. Kelly | 65 | 252 | 13007 |
Neil B. McKeown | 65 | 281 | 19371 |
Jane K. Hill | 62 | 147 | 20733 |
Min Du | 61 | 326 | 11328 |
Xiaodong Liu | 60 | 474 | 14980 |