Edinburgh Napier University

About: Edinburgh Napier University is a education organization based out in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2665 authors who have published 6859 publications receiving 175272 citations.

Effects of Experience on the Coordination of Internally and Externally Timed Soccer Kicks

Abstract: The authors investigated differences in the soccer kick between 8 experienced and 10 less experienced participants in 2 different task conditions (kicking a stationary ball or a moving ball at a target). The experienced participants were more accurate than their less experienced counterparts, whereas there were no differences in maximum foot velocity between groups or between conditions. When compared with their performance in the stationary condition, participants kicked the moving ball with a smaller range of movement at the knee of the kicking leg, maintaining a proximodistal coordination pattern. Because of their significantly shorter knee-flexion phase, the participants in the experienced group displayed a significantly shorter time between initiation of the forward swing of the kick and ball contact than that of those in the less experienced group. The rapid knee flexion may have been a strategy of exploiting passive dynamics to increase accuracy rather than velocity. Members of both groups showed a proximodistal initiation sequence in the kicking leg, which suggests that players can acquire that coordination pattern with relatively little structured practice and that further practice leads to improvement possibly through the increased exploitation of passive dynamics.

AC characteristics of Cr/p/sup +/a-Si:H/V analog switching devices

Abstract: Experimental results on the ac characteristics of electro-formed Cr/p/sup +/ hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)/V thin film memory devices are presented. The impedance spectrum of the memory switching device has been measured over a wide frequency range from 1 Hz-32 MHz while keeping the ac voltage amplitude below 0.02 V. Simulation of the measured impedance spectrum using an equivalent circuit indicates that the capacitance associated with a conducting filament tends to increase as the memory resistance decreases. This is explained on the basis of an activated tunnelling mechanism. Charge transport is dominated by electron tunnelling via metallic particles in the filament, and hence small changes in interparticle spacing influences the tunnelling process considerately, leading to changes in both memory resistance and effective dielectric constant.

On artificial immune systems and swarm intelligence

Abstract: This position paper explores the nature and role of two bio-inspired paradigms, namely Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) and Swarm Intelligence (SI). We argue that there are many aspects of AIS that have direct parallels with SI and examine the role of AIS and SI in science and also in engineering, with the primary focus being on the immune system. We explore how in some ways, algorithms from each area are similar, but we also advocate, and explain, that rather than being competitors, AIS and SI are complementary tools and can be used effectively together to solve complex engineering problems.