Institution
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Facility•Princeton, New Jersey, United States•
About: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory is a facility organization based out in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Climate model & Climate change. The organization has 525 authors who have published 2432 publications receiving 264545 citations. The organization is also known as: GFDL.
Topics: Climate model, Climate change, Sea surface temperature, Tropical cyclone, Thermohaline circulation
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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University of Cambridge1, California Institute of Technology2, University of South Florida St. Petersburg3, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration4, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences5, Lancaster University6, National Institute for Environmental Studies7, James Hutton Institute8, Newbury College9, Japan Meteorological Agency10, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart11, University of Wollongong12, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation13, University of Toulouse14, University of Montana15, German Aerospace Center16, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory17, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research18, Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences19, University of Canterbury20, Spanish National Research Council21, Jawaharlal Nehru University22, Institute of Space Technology23, University of Bristol24, National Center for Atmospheric Research25, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology26, Ford Motor Company27, Hong Kong Polytechnic University28
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed model simulations from the IGAC Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project and Chemistry Climate Modelling Initiative (CCMI) to assess the changes in the tropospheric ozone burden and its budget from 1850-2010.
Abstract: Our understanding of the processes that control the burden and budget of tropospheric ozone have changed dramatically over the last 60 years. Models are the key tools used to understand these changes and these underscore that there are many processes important in controlling the tropospheric ozone budget. In this critical review we assess our evolving understanding of these processes, both physical and chemical. We review model simulations from the IGAC Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project and Chemistry Climate Modelling Initiative (CCMI) to assess the changes in the tropospheric ozone burden and its budget from 1850-2010. Analysis of these data indicates that there has been significant growth in the ozone burden from 1850-2000 (~ 43±9%), but smaller growth between 1960-2000 (~16±10%) and that the models simulate burdens of ozone well within recent satellite estimates. The CCMI model ozone budgets indicate that the net chemical production of ozone in the troposphere plateaued in the 1990s and has not changed since then inspite of increases in the burden. There has been a shift in net ozone production in the troposphere being greatest in the Northern mid and high latitudes to the Northern tropics; driven by the regional evolution of precursor emissions. An analysis of the evolution of tropospheric ozone through the 21st century, as simulated by CMIP5 models, reveals a large source of uncertainty associated with models themselves (i.e. in the way that they simulate the chemical and physical processes that control tropospheric ozone). This structural uncertainty is greatest in the near term (two to three decades) but emissions scenarios dominate uncertainty in the longer-term (2050-2100) evolution of tropospheric ozone. This intrinsic model uncertainty prevents robust predictions of near-term changes in the tropospheric ozone burden, and we review how progress can be made to reduce this limitation.
68 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how these changes propagate through the climate system in a coupled model with an isopycnal ocean component focusing on the different impacts associated with removing shading from different regions.
Abstract: Ocean water clarity affects the distribution of shortwave heating in the water column. In a one-dimensional time-mean sense, increased clarity would be expected to cool the surface and heat subsurface depths as shortwave radiation penetrates deeper into the water column. However, wind-driven upwelling, boundary currents, and the seasonal cycle of mixing can bring water heated at depth back to the surface. This warms the equator and cools the subtropics throughout the year while reducing the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of temperature in polar regions. This paper examines how these changes propagate through the climate system in a coupled model with an isopycnal ocean component focusing on the different impacts associated with removing shading from different regions. Increasing shortwave penetration along the equator causes warming to the south of the equator. Increasing it in the relatively clear gyres off the equator causes the Hadley cells to strengthen and the subtropical gyres to shift equ...
68 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that photoacclimation and iron stress effects on Cphyto:Chl oppose the biomass increase, leading to only modest changes in bulk Chl.
Abstract: High-latitude phytoplankton blooms support productive fisheries and play an important role in oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the subarctic North Atlantic Ocean, blooms are a recurrent feature each year, while in the eastern subarctic Pacific only small changes in chlorophyll (Chl) are seen over the annual cycle. Here we show that when evaluated using phytoplankton carbon biomass (Cphyto) rather than Chl, an annual bloom in the North Pacific is evident and can even rival blooms observed in the North Atlantic. The annual increase in subarctic Pacific phytoplankton biomass is not readily observed in the Chl record because it is paralleled by light- and nutrient-driven decreases in cellular pigment levels (Cphyto:Chl). Specifically, photoacclimation and iron stress effects on Cphyto:Chl oppose the biomass increase, leading to only modest changes in bulk Chl. The magnitude of the photoacclimation effect is quantified using descriptors of the near-surface light environment and a photophysiological model. Iron stress effects are diagnosed from satellite chlorophyll fluorescence data. Lastly, we show that biomass accumulation in the Pacific is slower than that in the Atlantic but is closely tied to similar levels of seasonal nutrient uptake in both basins. Annual cycles of satellite-derived Chl and Cphyto are reproduced by in situ autonomous profiling floats. These results contradict the long-standing paradigm that environmental conditions prevent phytoplankton accumulation in the subarctic Northeast Pacific and suggest a greater seasonal decoupling between phytoplankton growth and losses than traditionally implied. Further, our results highlight the role of physiological processes in shaping bulk properties, such as Chl, and their interpretation in studies of ocean ecosystem dynamics and climate change.
68 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a suite of eight ocean biogeochemical/ecological general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archives were used to explore the relative roles of changes in winds (positive trend of Southern Annular Mode, SAM) and in warming-and freshening-driven trends of upper ocean stratification in altering export production and CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean at the end of the 21st century.
Abstract: We use a suite of eight ocean biogeochemical/ecological general circulation models from the Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archives to explore the relative roles of changes in winds (positive trend of Southern Annular Mode, SAM) and in warming- and freshening-driven trends of upper ocean stratification in altering export production and CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean at the end of the 21st century. The investigated models simulate a broad range of responses to climate change, with no agreement on a dominance of either the SAM or the warming signal south of 44°S. In the southernmost zone, i.e., south of 58°S, they concur on an increase of biological export production, while between 44 and 58°S the models lack consensus on the sign of change in export. Yet in both regions, the models show an enhanced CO2 uptake during spring and summer. This is due to a larger CO2(aq) drawdown by the same amount of summer export production at a higher Revelle factor at the end of the 21st century. This strongly increases the importance of the biological carbon pump in the entire Southern Ocean. In the temperate zone, between 30 and 44°S, all models show a predominance of the warming signal and a nutrient-driven reduction of export production. As a consequence, the share of the regions south of 44°S to the total uptake of the Southern Ocean south of 30°S is projected to increase at the end of the 21st century from 47 to 66% with a commensurable decrease to the north. Despite this major reorganization of the meridional distribution of the major regions of uptake, the total uptake increases largely in line with the rising atmospheric CO2. Simulations with the MITgcm-REcoM2 model show that this is mostly driven by the strong increase of atmospheric CO2, with the climate-driven changes of natural CO2 exchange offsetting that trend only to a limited degree (∼10%) and with negligible impact of climate effects on anthropogenic CO2 uptake when integrated over a full annual cycle south of 30°S.
68 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the general sensitivity of global circulations to the tropopause height by altering a constant stratospheric temperature Ts in calculations with a dry, global, multilevel, spectral, primitive equation model subject to a simple Newtonian heating function.
Abstract: The possibility that the tropopause could be lower during an ice-age cooling leads to an examination of the general sensitivity of global circulations to the tropopause height by altering a constant stratospheric temperature Ts in calculations with a dry, global, multilevel, spectral, primitive equation model subject to a simple Newtonian heating function. In general, lowering the tropopause by increasing the stratospheric temperature causes the jet stream to move to lower latitudes and the eddies to become smaller. Near the standard state with Ts = 200 K, the jets relocate themselves equatorward by 2° in latitude for every 5 K increase in the stratospheric temperature. A double-jet system, with centers at 30° and 60° latitude, occurs when the equatorial tropopause drops to 500 mb (for Ts = 250 K), with the high-latitude component extending throughout the stratosphere. The eddy momentum flux mainly traverses poleward across the standard jet at 40°, in keeping with the predominantly equatorward pr...
68 citations
Authors
Showing all 546 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Alan Robock | 90 | 346 | 27022 |
Isaac M. Held | 88 | 215 | 37064 |
Larry W. Horowitz | 85 | 253 | 28706 |
Gabriel A. Vecchi | 84 | 282 | 31597 |
Toshio Yamagata | 83 | 294 | 27890 |
Li Zhang | 81 | 727 | 26684 |
Ronald J. Stouffer | 80 | 153 | 56412 |
David Crisp | 79 | 328 | 18440 |
Thomas L. Delworth | 76 | 178 | 26109 |
Syukuro Manabe | 76 | 129 | 25366 |
Stephen M. Griffies | 68 | 202 | 18065 |
John Wilson | 66 | 487 | 22041 |
Arlene M. Fiore | 65 | 168 | 17368 |
John P. Dunne | 64 | 189 | 17987 |
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert | 62 | 192 | 14685 |