Long Island University

About: Long Island University is a education organization based out in Brookville, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2647 authors who have published 4924 publications receiving 108757 citations.

Commutativity of rings with derivations

Abstract: I. N. Herstein [10] proved that a prime ring of characteristic not two with a nonzero derivation d satisfying d(x)d(y) = d(y)d(x) for all x, y must be commutative, and H. E. Bell and M. N. Daif [8] showed that a prime ring of arbitrary characteristic with nonzero derivation d satisfying d(xy) = d(yx) for all x, y in some nonzero ideal must also be commutative. For semiprime rings, we show that an inner derivation satisfying the condition of Bell and Daif on a nonzero ideal must be zero on that ideal, and for rings with identity, we generalize all three results to conditions on derivations of powers and powers of derivations. For example, let R be a prime ring with identity and nonzero derivation d, and let m and n be positive integers such that, when charR is finite, m ∨ n < charR. If d(x m y n ) = d(y n x m ) for all x, y ∈ R, then R is commutative. If, in addition, charR≠ 2 and the identity is in the image of an ideal I under d, then d(x) m d(y) n = d(y) n d(x) m for all x, y ∈ I also implies that R is commutative.

A Comparison of Grief as Related to Miscarriage and Termination for Fetal Abnormality

Abstract: This study proposed that maternal bereavement in women who experienced miscarriage and women who terminated for fetal abnormality would differ related to the existence of a grief reaction, and to identify the factors that differentiated the two groups. There were no significant grief differences between the miscarriage group and termination group. The groups were then combined to analyze within group factors. Six fixed variables were found to be related to vulnerability for a grief reaction. Factors included: time since the most recent loss; intervention of counseling; employment outside the home; feeling responsible for the perinatal loss; age of the mother as related to guilt; and gestational length of pregnancy.

Research in image indexing and retrieval as reflected in the literature

Abstract: Documents relevant to the subject of image indexing and retrieval, obtained from the SCI and SSCI databases, were examined and analyzed. The study confirms that there exist in this rapidly growing field two distinctive research groups employing the content-based and description-based approaches, respectively. However, research in the content-based domain is currently dominating in the field, while the other approach has less visibility. Although researchers using the content-based approach actively communicated with colleagues from the same group, collaboration between the different clusters of scientists should be further promoted and encouraged to advance research and development in image indexing and retrieval.

The Role of Vasopressin in the Treatment of Vasodilation in Shock States

Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To review the role of vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory shock.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search on published reports (1966–April 1999) was conducted.STUDY SELECTION:English-language studies and case reports were selected and evaluated based on quality of review of vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory shock.DATA SYNTHESIS:In patients with end-stage vasodilatory shock, baroreceptor reflex is impaired and vasopressin stores are depleted. Persistent elevation of catecholamines may lead to down-regulation of β-adrenergic receptors and reduces smooth-muscle response to catecholamines, leading to inability of maintaining organ perfusion. Small-scale studies and case reports have demonstrated vasopressin's efficacy in maintaining blood pressure in patients with septic shock, cardiac arrest, and end-stage heart failure, refractory to other vasopressor therapies.CONCLUSIONS:Vasopressin may be a reasonable alternative for patients in vasodilatory shock. However, larger-scale controlled clini...

Starting Where the Client Is: Harm Reduction Guidelines for Clinical Social Work Practice

Abstract: Harm reduction has gradually entered social work discourse and is now seen as a promising approach for treating individuals with drug and alcohol problems. However, beyond statements and data supporting the utility of a harm reduction approach, few guidelines for clinical practice have been detailed in the social work literature. This lack of concrete detail regarding how harm reduction is actually practiced limits the potential implementation of the model into day-to-day clinical work. This article reiterates that harm reduction is a viable approach to clinical social work practice with individuals who have drug- and alcohol-related problems and for whom traditional approaches may be inappropriate. It focuses on harm reduction therapy as an emerging treatment model that can be implemented by clinical social workers and mental-health and substance use treatment providers. The article identifies and elaborates several basic tenets that can be incorporated into clinical social work. It is hoped that social workers who learn how harm reduction is implemented in clinical practice will be more apt to incorporate its principles into their work.