Long Island University

About: Long Island University is a education organization based out in Brookville, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2647 authors who have published 4924 publications receiving 108757 citations.

The Use and Application of Stable Isotope Analysis to the Study of Starvation, Fasting, and Nutritional Stress in Animals

Abstract: Maintaining adequate energy and mass balance is necessary to the survival and reproduction of any organism. However, nearly all organisms experience periods of catabolism, when insufficient food is being consumed and endogenous stores must be metabolized to provide the difference. The ubiquity of this phenomenon, perhaps an intuitive understanding of the threat that starvation poses to an individual’s survival, and the fact that many organisms seem to "voluntarily" enter long periods of catabolism (fasting) has caused great interest among physiologists to discover and understand the mechanisms organisms have evolved to survive such periods. In wild animals, merely detecting the existence and duration of periods of fasting or starvation can be difficult and much effort has been devoted toward establishing stable isotope analysis (SIA) as a tool for detecting and understanding the duration of catabolic states in wild animals. However, the results of these studies have been mixed. Increasingly, SIA is also being used to investigate the mechanisms organisms use to cope with periods of catabolism: how nutrients are routed, which are recycled, which are used for energy, and how that differs between different organs and organ systems. This chapter reviews the past and current applications of SIA for understanding fasting and starvation in animals and identifies areas where SIA may yet be applied to increase our understanding of fasting and starvation.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B specific monoclonal antibody 20B1 successfully treats diverse Staphylococcus aureus infections

Abstract: Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major health threat in the United States. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent superantigen that contributes to its virulence. High mortality and frequent failure of therapy despite available antibiotics have stimulated research efforts to develop adjunctive therapies. Methods. Treatment benefits of SEB-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 20B1 were investigated in mice in sepsis, superficial skin, and deep-tissue infection models. Results. Mice challenged with a SEB-producing MRSA strain developed fatal sepsis, extensive tissue skin infection, and abscess-forming deep-seeded thigh muscle infection. Animals preimmunized against SEB or treated passively with mAb 20B1 exhibited enhanced survival in the sepsis model, whereas decrease of bacterial burden was observed in the superficial skin and deep-tissue models. mAb 20B1 bound to SEB in the infected tissue and decreased abscess formation and proinflammatory cytokine levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and neutrophil recruitment. Conclusions. mAb 20B1, an SEB-neutralizing mAb, is effective against MRSA infection. mAb 20B1 protects against lethal sepsis and reduces skin tissue invasion and deep-abscess formation. The mAb penetrates well into the abscess and binds to SEB. It affects the outcome of S. aureus infection by modulating the host's proinflammatory immune response.

From Seattle 1999 to New York 2004: A Longitudinal Analysis of Journalistic Framing of the Movement for Democratic Globalization

Abstract: This article examines how journalistic framing of the democratic globalization movement evolved in the five years after its 1999 emergence in Seattle. It takes a longitudinal approach to analyzing social movement coverage by looking for changes in news reporting over time. Protests against the World Trade Organization put this movement on The New York Times’ map, with ‘Seattle’ enduring as a symbolic reference connoting the threat of civic disorder. We found signs of both resilience and change in the newspaper's coverage, which demonstrates complex interactions between reporters, activist groups and real-world events. Delegitimizing language was constant over time, evoking the protest paradigm and riot, confrontation and circus frames as templates. However, this analysis also found evidence of frame dynamism, suggestive of a possible evolving sympathy through which movement members improve access to reporters and get their issues across to the public. Journalists increasingly used movement members as sour...

Responding to the (almost) unknown: Social representations and corporate policies of social media

Abstract: End-user driven technologies, such as social media, have dramatically changed organizations’ innovation processes. In these new contexts, organizational decision makers have to contend with a de facto adoption of new technologies that they have yet to understand fully. In order to contribute to the understanding of these new contexts and their implications for organizations and their decision makers, this paper examines the following question: How do organizations come to comprehend and react to end-user driven technologies? Conceptually based on social representations theory, this paper underscores how organizational decision-makers develop common sense knowledge of end-user driven technologies and how they consequently endorse responses in the form of dedicated policies that reflect this knowledge. This theoretical framework helps us interpret the empirical analysis of 25 corporate social media policies. The paper shows that, in developing their understanding of social media, so far organizational decision-makers have mostly associated them with what was already familiar to them and have devised policies that have reflected this mostly conservative understanding of the new technologies. Implications of this research include a better understanding of the foundation of the duality between mindful and mindless innovations in the context.