Long Island University

About: Long Island University is a education organization based out in Brookville, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2647 authors who have published 4924 publications receiving 108757 citations.

Universality of massive scalar field late-time tails in black-hole spacetimes

Abstract: The late-time tails of a massive scalar field in the spacetime of black holes are studied numerically Previous analytical results for a Schwarzschild black hole are confirmed: The late-time behavior of the field as recorded by a static observer is given by $\ensuremath{\psi}(t)\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}5/6}\mathrm{sin}[\ensuremath{\omega}(t)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}t],$ where $\ensuremath{\omega}(t)$ depends weakly on time This result is carried over to the case of a Kerr black hole In particular, it is found that the power-law index of $\ensuremath{-}5/6$ depends on neither the multipole mode $\mathcal{l}$ nor on the spin rate of the black hole $a/M$ In all black hole spacetimes, massive scalar fields have the same late-time behavior irrespective of their initial data (ie, angular distribution) Their late-time behavior is universal

Interaction potential between cranberry juice and warfarin

Abstract: Purpose. The interaction potential between warfarin and cranberry juice is discussed. Summary. Reports from the United Kingdom have raised concern over the interaction potential between cranberry juice and warfarin. Warfarin is the most commonly prescribed oral medication for anticoagulation therapy. Cranberry juice is a flavonoid, which has been shown to induce, inhibit, or act as a substrate for the biosynthesis of several cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzymes. Specifically, cranberry juice may inhibit the activity of CYP2C9, the primary isoenzyme involved in the metabolism of S- warfarin. A search of the medical literature identified three peer-reviewed case reports and two peer-reviewed, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials using metabolic surrogates of warfarin (flurbiprofen and cyclosporine) that described possible interactions between cranberry juice and warfarin. Two case reports suggested that cranberry juice increased the International Normalized Ratio (INR) of patients taking warfarin, but neither clearly identified cranberry juice as the sole cause of INR elevation. One case report appeared to show a correlation between the effects of cranberry juice and warfarin metabolism. Both clinical trials indicated the lack of an interaction between cranberry juice and CYP isoenzymes 2C9 and 3A, both of which are necessary in warfarin metabolism. More studies are required to determine the potential interaction between cranberry juice and warfarin. Conclusion. The available data do not seem to show a clinically relevant interaction between cranberry juice and warfarin; however, patients taking warfarin with cranberry juice should be cautioned about the potential interaction and monitored closely for INR changes and signs and symptoms of bleeding.

A Dynamic Airline Seat Inventory Control Model and Its Optimal Policy

Abstract: We consider an airline seat inventory control problem with multiple origins, one hub, and one destination. Passengers from the origins fly to the destination via the hub. Seat capacity of the hub-destination flight is fixed. Demands at origins are assumed to obey the Poisson process. To maximize the expected revenue, management faces decisions on allocating seats among competing origin-destination routes. This study presents a stochastic control model and develops optimal control rules. The basic model is subsequently distended to consider multiple fares on each route, time-dependent demands, and booking control on an extended network. A numerical example shows that optimal seat control is simple and efficient.

Modeling growth and mortality of red abalone (haliotis rufescens) in northern california

Abstract: We estimate annual growth and mortality of red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in northern California using tag recapture data applied to multiple growth and mortality models. We investigate seven growth models of the form, Lt+1 ¼ Lt + f ðLtÞ; where Lt is the shell length at tagging (time t), Lt+1, is the shell length one year later, and the function f(Lt )i s a model of the change in length DL. Abalone are drawn from a broad range of sizes (shell lengths 5-222 mm) tagged and recaptured one year later (n ¼ 231) in the Point Cabrillo Reserve in northern California. We present the results for seven growth models, rank the fit of the models (using the sum of the squared residuals) selecting the Richards, Gaussian, Ricker, and von Bertalanffy models (in that order) as most appropriate for these variable growth data. The von Bertalanffy model yields the shortest time to fishery (recreational legal size is 178 mm) as it slightly overestimates early growth. The Ricker model yields the longest time to enter the fishery underestimating early growth. We present a table of abalone sizes as a function of time for the Gaussian model, from which we estimate the number of years to grow into the fishery (12.0 ± 1 y). Because differences among the applicable models are not great, we use the growth parameters generated by the simple von Bertalanffy model (LN and K )t o estimate mortality. The results are consistent among our five mortality estimates ranging from 0.11-0.23 per year. Estimates of the number of years to enter the fishery and mortality estimates, as well as knowledge of how model selection can influence these estimates, is important for fishery management. Informed fishery management for red abalone is critical because the fishery in northern California is the last open abalone fishery in the state.