Long Island University

About: Long Island University is a education organization based out in Brookville, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2647 authors who have published 4924 publications receiving 108757 citations.

Hallucinations Beyond Voices: A Conceptual Review of the Phenomenology of Altered Perception in Psychosis.

Abstract: Recent psychiatric research and treatment initiatives have tended to move away from traditional diagnostic categories and have focused instead on transdiagnostic phenomena, such as hallucinations. However, this emphasis on isolated experiences may artificially limit the definition of such phenomena and ignore the rich, complex, and dynamic changes occurring simultaneously in other domains of experience. This article reviews the literature on a range of experiential features associated with psychosis, with a focus on their relevance for hallucinations. Phenomenological research on changes in cognition, perception, selfhood and reality, temporality, interpersonal experience, and embodiment are discussed, along with their implications for traditional conceptualizations of hallucinations. We then discuss several phenomenological and neurocognitive theories, as well as the potential impact of trauma on these phenomena. Hallucinations are suggested to be an equifinal outcome of multiple genetic, neurocognitive, subjective, and social processes; by grouping them together under a single, operationalizable definition, meaningful differences in etiology and phenomenology may be ignored. It is suggested that future research efforts strive to incorporate a broader range of experiential alterations, potentially expanding on traditional definitions of hallucinations. Relevance for clinical practice, including emphasizing phenomenologically responsive techniques and developing targeted new therapies, is discussed.

Ultrastructural studies on bigelowiella natans, gen. et sp. nov., a chlorarachniophyte flagellate

Abstract: Three isolates from the Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton at Bigelow Laboratory, previously labeled Pedinomonas sp. and Pedinomonas minutissima from the green algal class Pedinophyceae, have been examined by light microscopy and TEM and shown to belong to the Chlorarachniophyceae, a class of nucleomorph-containing amebae. The three isolates represent the first chlorarachniophycean flagellates to be discovered. The ultrastructure of the cells has been examined in detail, with particular emphasis on the flagellar apparatus, a feature not examined in detail in chlorarachniophytes before. Cells are basically biflagellate, but the second flagellum is represented by a very short basal body only. Flagellar replication has shown this flagellum to be the mature stage, that is, the no. 1 flagellum, whereas the long emergent flagellum is the no. 2 flagellum that shortens into a short basal body during cell division. Mitosis is open with a pair of centrioles at each pole. Emergent flagella are absent during mitosis. Cells may form cysts, and the flagellar basal bodies and part of the flagellar roots are maintained in the cysts. Four microtubular roots emanate from the basal bodies, and the path of one of them is very unusual and very unlike any other known flagellate. No striated roots were observed. Other fine-structural features of the cell include a very unusual type of pyrenoid and a special type of extrusome. Cells are mixotrophic. The three isolates are very similar and are described as Bigelowiella natans, gen. et sp. nov. Ultrastructurally, chlorarachniophytes do not show close relationship to any known group of algae or other protists.