Institution
RAND Corporation
Nonprofit•Santa Monica, California, United States•
About: RAND Corporation is a nonprofit organization based out in Santa Monica, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Health care & Population. The organization has 9602 authors who have published 18570 publications receiving 744658 citations.
Topics: Health care, Population, Poison control, Public health, Mental health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites revises tables giving the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the asteroids as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites revises tables giving the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, and asteroids. Also presented are revised tables giving their sizes and shapes. Changes since the previous report are summarized in the Appendix.
526 citations
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TL;DR: This is a new epistemological approach to the inexact sciences where the purpose of all science is to explain and predict in an objective manner, but in the exact sciences explanation and prediction have the same logical structure.
Abstract: This is a new epistemological approach to the inexact sciences. The purpose of all science is to explain and predict in an objective manner. While in the exact sciences explanation and prediction have the same logical structure, this is not so in the inexact sciences. This permits various methodological innovations in the inexact sciences, e.g., expert judgment and simulation.
524 citations
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TL;DR: The authors studied corporate philanthropy using an original database that includes firm-level data on dollar giving, giving priorities, governance, and managerial involvement in giving programs, and found that firms with higher debt-to-value ratios give less cash to charities and are less likely to establish foundations.
523 citations
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TL;DR: High-resolution Galileo spacecraft images of Europa are presented, in which evidence for mobile ‘icebergs’ is found and the detailed morphology of the terrain strongly supports the presence of liquid water at shallow depths below the surface, either today or at some time in the past.
Abstract: Ground-based spectroscopy of Jupiter's moon Europa, combined with gravity data, suggests that the satellite has an icy crust roughly 150 km thick and a rocky interior In addition, images obtained by the Voyager spacecraft revealed that Europa's surface is crossed by numerous intersecting ridges and dark bands (called lineae) and is sparsely cratered, indicating that the terrain is probably significantly younger than that of Ganymede and Callisto It has been suggested that Europa's thin outer ice shell might be separated from the moon's silicate interior by a liquid water layer, delayed or prevented from freezing by tidal heating; in this model, the lineae could be explained by repetitive tidal deformation of the outer ice shell However, observational confirmation of a subsurface ocean was largely frustrated by the low resolution (>2 km per pixel) of the Voyager images Here we present high-resolution (54 m per pixel) Galileo spacecraft images of Europa, in which we find evidence for mobile 'icebergs' The detailed morphology of the terrain strongly supports the presence of liquid water at shallow depths below the surface, either today or at some time in the past Moreover, lower-resolution observations of much larger regions suggest that the phenomena reported here are widespread
521 citations
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TL;DR: To assess the current validity of 17 clinical practice guidelines published by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that are still in circulation, and to estimate how quickly guidelines become obsolete, criteria for defining when a guideline needs updating are developed.
Abstract: ContextPractice guidelines need to be up-to-date to be useful to clinicians.
No published methods are available for assessing whether existing practice
guidelines are still valid, nor does any empirical information exist regarding
how often such assessments need to be made.ObjectivesTo assess the current validity of 17 clinical practice guidelines published
by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that are still
in circulation, and to use this information to estimate how quickly guidelines
become obsolete.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe developed criteria for defining when a guideline needs updating,
mailed surveys to members of the original AHRQ guideline panels (n = 170;
response rate, 71%), and searched the literature for evidence through March
2000 (n = 6994 titles yielding 173 articles plus 159 new guidelines on the
same topics).Main Outcome MeasuresIdentification of new evidence calling for a major, minor, or no update
of the 17 guidelines; survival analysis of the rate at which guidelines became
outdated.ResultsFor 7 guidelines, new evidence and expert judgment indicated that a
major update is required; 6 were found to be in need of a minor update; 3
were judged as still valid; and for 1 guideline, we could reach no conclusion.
Survival analysis indicated that about half the guidelines were outdated in
5.8 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-6.6 years). The point at which
no more than 90% of the guidelines were still valid was 3.6 years (95% CI,
2.6-4.6 years).ConclusionsMore than three quarters of the AHRQ guidelines need updating. As a
general rule, guidelines should be reassessed for validity every 3 years.
520 citations
Authors
Showing all 9660 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Darien Wood | 160 | 2174 | 136596 |
Herbert A. Simon | 157 | 745 | 194597 |
Ron D. Hays | 135 | 781 | 82285 |
Paul G. Shekelle | 132 | 601 | 101639 |
John E. Ware | 121 | 327 | 134031 |
Linda Darling-Hammond | 109 | 374 | 59518 |
Robert H. Brook | 105 | 571 | 43743 |
Clifford Y. Ko | 104 | 514 | 37029 |
Lotfi A. Zadeh | 104 | 331 | 148857 |
Claudio Ronco | 102 | 1312 | 72828 |
Joseph P. Newhouse | 101 | 484 | 47711 |
Kenneth B. Wells | 100 | 484 | 47479 |
Moyses Szklo | 99 | 428 | 47487 |
Alan M. Zaslavsky | 98 | 444 | 58335 |
Graham J. Hutchings | 97 | 995 | 44270 |