Technische Universität Darmstadt

About: Technische Universität Darmstadt is a education organization based out in Darmstadt, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Context (language use). The organization has 17316 authors who have published 40619 publications receiving 937916 citations. The organization is also known as: Darmstadt University of Technology & University of Darmstadt.

Logistics 4.0: a systematic review towards a new logistics system

Abstract: Enterprises are confronted with new customer requirements and challenged by global competition leading to fundamental changes of today’s industry. Against this background, at present Industry 4.0 i...

What helps where – and why? Semantic relatedness for knowledge transfer

Abstract: Remarkable performance has been reported to recognize single object classes. Scalability to large numbers of classes however remains an important challenge for today's recognition methods. Several authors have promoted knowledge transfer between classes as a key ingredient to address this challenge. However, in previous work the decision which knowledge to transfer has required either manual supervision or at least a few training examples limiting the scalability of these approaches. In this work we explicitly address the question of how to automatically decide which information to transfer between classes without the need of any human intervention. For this we tap into linguistic knowledge bases to provide the semantic link between sources (what) and targets (where) of knowledge transfer. We provide a rigorous experimental evaluation of different knowledge bases and state-of-the-art techniques from Natural Language Processing which goes far beyond the limited use of language in related work. We also give insights into the applicability (why) of different knowledge sources and similarity measures for knowledge transfer.

Feeding guilds in Collembola based on nitrogen stable isotope ratios

Abstract: In soil a high number of species co-exist without extensive niche differentiation, which was assigned as ‘the enigma of soil animal species diversity’. In particular, the detritivores are regarded as food generalists. We have investigated nitrogen stable isotope ratios (15N/14N) of a major decomposer group, the Collembola, to evaluate trophic relationship and determine feeding guilds. Additionally, the δ15N values of potential food sources such as mosses, lichens and other plant derived material (bark, nuts, leaves) were analysed. The natural variation in nitrogen isotopes was assessed in 20 Collembola taxa from three deciduous forest stands. The δ15N signature formed a continuum from phycophages/herbivores to primary and secondary decomposers, reflecting a gradual shift from more detrital to more microbial diets. The δ15N gradient spanned over 9 δ units, which implies a wide range in food sources used. Assuming a shift in 15N of about 3 ‰ per trophic level, the results indicate a range of three trophic levels. These variations in 15N/14N ratios suggest that trophic niches of Collembola species differ and this likely contributes to Collembola species diversity.

ポリマーから誘導されたケイ素系セラミックス ─合成・性質・応用に関する総説─

Abstract: This review presents the synthesis, characterization techniques, processing and potential applications of silicon-based ceramic materials derived from organosilicon polymers. The Si-ceramics are prepared by thermolysis of molecular precursors. The influence of the initial molecular structure of the precursor on the properties of the final ceramic material and its applications is discussed. The thermolytic decomposition of suitable Si-based polymers provides materials which are denoted as polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs). In particular, this procedure is a promising method for the preparation of ternary and multinary silicon-based ceramics in the system SiCNO. There is no other synthetic approach known to produce e.g. SiCO or SiCN based ceramics. In the case of PDCs route, common preceramic polymers are poly(organosilazanes), poly(organosilylcarbodiimides) and poly(organosiloxanes). One basic advantage of the PDC route is that the materials can be easily shaped in form of fibers, layers or bulk composite materials by applying processing techniques established in the plastic industry. The PDCs in general exhibit enhanced thermomechanical properties, i.e., temperature stabilities up to approximately 1500°C. Recent investigations have shown that in some cases the high temperature stability in terms of decomposition and/or crystallization can be increased even up to 2000°C if the preceramic polymer contains some amount of boron. The composition and microstructure of the PDC are a result of the molecular structure of the preceramic polymer. Therefore, the observed differences in the macroscopic properties are also closely related to the variation of composition and solid state structure of these materials.