Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso

About: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso is a education organization based out in Cuiabá, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Species richness. The organization has 7748 authors who have published 10181 publications receiving 89994 citations.

Fatores associados à experimentação do cigarro em adolescentes

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalencia e os fatores associados a experimentacao do cigarro em adolescentes. METODOS: Estudo transversal, utilizando-se questionario especifico, onde foram entrevistados 2.883 estudantes do ensino fundamental e do 1o ano do ensino medio, de escolas localizadas na zona urbana da cidade de Cuiaba (MT). Estimou-se a prevalencia e foram analisados os principais fatores relacionados a experimentacao do cigarro. Apos isso, obteve-se um modelo logistico hierarquizado descrevendo as chances da experimentacao do cigarro relacionada com as variaveis investigadas. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia da experimentacao do cigarro foi de 30,2%. No modelo final de analise, as principais variaveis relacionadas com a experimentacao do cigarro foram menor nivel de escolaridade da mae (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,72-3,47); menor nivel socioeconomico (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,01-1,93); estudar na escola publica (OR = 1,56; IC95%: 1,22-2,00); estar no 1o ano do ensino medio (OR = 3,45; IC95%: 2,63-4,54); estudar no periodo noturno (OR = 2,44; 1,85-3,22); ter pais separados (OR = 1,23; IC95%: 1,02-1,49); ja ter sido reprovado na escola (OR = 2,17; IC95%: 1,78-2,70); ter amigos fumantes (OR = 3,75; IC95%: 2,99-4,70); ter irmaos fumantes (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,82-3,27); e ser mais velho (17-19 anos) (OR = 2,44; IC95%: 1,39-4,17). CONCLUSOES: Foi alta proporcao de adolescentes que experimentaram o cigarro. Apos ajuste para variaveis de confusao os fatores mais fortemente associados a experimentacao do cigarro foram nivel de escolaridade da mae, idade do adolescente, estudar no periodo noturno, ja ter sido reprovado na escola e ter amigos e irmaos fumantes. Medidas preventivas devem ser direcionadas aos adolescentes, dentro das instituicoes escolares, como forma de controle do tabagismo.

Intoxicação espontânea pelos frutos de Xanthium cavanillesii (Asteraceae) em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract: Two outbreaks of Xanthium cavanillesii poisoning in feedlot cattle in the counties of Casca and Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, are described. The disease occurred on two farms in late April and mid August 1996. On one farm, 17 heifers out of 310 cattle died. On the other, 11 out of 83 yearling calves died. Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, progressive dehydration, sunken eyes, tenesmus and slight rectal prolapse, muscle tremors, incoordination of gait, blindness, aggressivity and recumbency. Blindness was present in the terminal stages prior to death that occurred within 3 to 24 hours after the onset of the clinical signs. Necropsy findings included accentuation of the lobular pattern of the liver with pinpoint hemorrhages on capsular and cut surfaces; perirenal edema, hydropericardium, and translucent and gelatinous edema of the gall bladder wall, mesentery, abomasal ligaments and folds. The feces were scant, dry and formed balls coated by mucus and streaks of clotted blood. There were widespread petechiae, ecchymoses and suffusions. Burs of X. cavanillesii were found mixed with the solid and dried contents of the rumen and reticulum. The main histopathological findings were marked centrilobular coagulative hepatocellular necrosis associated with congestion and hemorrhages, surrounded or not by a narrow rim of markedly swollen and vesicular hepatocytes. The animals were being fed with whole or milled leftovers from soybean crops contaminated with large amounts of burs of X. cavanillesii. Deaths stopped after the feeding with the soybean leftovers was discountinued. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and experimental reproduction of the toxicosis in cattle and sheep. The morphology and pathogenesis of the hepatic lesion and the clinical and pathological aspects of the toxicosis are discussed and compared with other reports of Xanthium spp poisoning and other acute hepatotoxicoses in cattle.

Nanoindentation response of Cu–Ti based metallic glasses: Comparison between as-cast, relaxed and devitrified states

Abstract: Cu 36 Ti 34 Zr 22 Ni 8 glassy ribbons were synthesized by melting spinning. The effects of annealing treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this alloy are investigated. Annealing below the crystallization temperature induces a reduction of free volume, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry. Annealing at sufficiently high temperatures promotes the formation of stable CuTi, NiTi and Zr–Ti–Cu phases. The as-spun alloy exhibits high hardness (H > 8 GPa), moderate reduced Young's modulus (E r ≈ 90 GPa) and good wear resistance. These properties are enhanced after thermal treatments (H > 13 GPa and E r ≈ 140 GPa are achieved in the fully crystallized sample). The mechanical hardening is accompanied with an increase of the elastic recovery. The influence of free volume on these annealing-induced changes in the mechanical properties is discussed.