Institution
University of Cagliari
Education•Cagliari, Italy•
About: University of Cagliari is a education organization based out in Cagliari, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Dopamine. The organization has 11029 authors who have published 29046 publications receiving 771023 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Cagliari & Universita degli Studi di Cagliari.
Topics: Population, Dopamine, Dopaminergic, Context (language use), Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that, in rats, food deprivation markedly reduces OEA biosynthesis in the small intestine, and results indicate that OEA is a lipid mediator involved in the peripheral regulation of feeding.
Abstract: Oleylethanolamide (OEA) is a natural analogue of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Like anandamide, OEA is produced in cells in a stimulus-dependent manner and is rapidly eliminated by enzymatic hydrolysis, suggesting a function in cellular signalling. However, OEA does not activate cannabinoid receptors and its biological functions are still unknown. Here we show that, in rats, food deprivation markedly reduces OEA biosynthesis in the small intestine. Administration of OEA causes a potent and persistent decrease in food intake and gain in body mass. This anorexic effect is behaviourally selective and is associated with the discrete activation of brain regions (the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract) involved in the control of satiety. OEA does not affect food intake when injected into the brain ventricles, and its anorexic actions are prevented when peripheral sensory fibres are removed by treatment with capsaicin. These results indicate that OEA is a lipid mediator involved in the peripheral regulation of feeding.
680 citations
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TL;DR: In vivo monitoring studies show that nicotine stimulates dopamine transmission in specific brain areas and in particular, in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and in areas of the extended amygdala, suggesting that nicotine depends on dopamine for those behavioural effects that are most relevant for its reinforcing properties and are likely to be the basis of the abuse liability of tobacco smoke.
656 citations
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15 Oct 2018TL;DR: A thorough overview of the evolution of this research area over the last ten years and beyond is provided, starting from pioneering, earlier work on the security of non-deep learning algorithms up to more recent work aimed to understand the security properties of deep learning algorithms, in the context of computer vision and cybersecurity tasks.
Abstract: Deep neural networks and machine-learning algorithms are pervasively used in several applications, ranging from computer vision to computer security. In most of these applications, the learning algorithm has to face intelligent and adaptive attackers who can carefully manipulate data to purposely subvert the learning process. As these algorithms have not been originally designed under such premises, they have been shown to be vulnerable to well-crafted, sophisticated attacks, including training-time poisoning and test-time evasion attacks (also known as adversarial examples). The problem of countering these threats and learning secure classifiers in adversarial settings has thus become the subject of an emerging, relevant research field known as adversarial machine learning. The purposes of this tutorial are: (a) to introduce the fundamentals of adversarial machine learning to the security community; (b) to illustrate the design cycle of a learning-based pattern recognition system for adversarial tasks; (c) to present novel techniques that have been recently proposed to assess performance of pattern classifiers and deep learning algorithms under attack, evaluate their vulnerabilities, and implement defense strategies that make learning algorithms more robust to attacks; and (d) to show some applications of adversarial machine learning to pattern recognition tasks like object recognition in images, biometric identity recognition, spam and malware detection.
656 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider was performed in the central pseudorapidity region.
Abstract: We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2 < p(t) < 5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v(2), measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 +/- 0.002(stat) +/- 0.003(syst) in the 40%-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v(2)(p(t)) reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p(t) = 3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.
652 citations
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TL;DR: A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided and a set of recommendations for the conceptualisation and management of hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are presented.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The validity of clinical guidelines changes over time, because new evidence-based knowledge and experience develop OBJECTIVE: Hence, the European clinical guidelines on hyperkinetic disorder from 1998 had to be evaluated and modified METHOD: Discussions at the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS) and iterative critique of each clinical analysis Guided by evidence-based information and based on evaluation (rather than metaanalysis) of the scientific evidence a group of child psychiatrists and psychologists from several European countries updated the guidelines of 1998 When reliable information is lacking the group gives a clinical consensus when it could be found among themselves RESULTS: The group presents here a set of recommendations for the conceptualization and management of hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) CONCLUSION: A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided, on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP)
652 citations
Authors
Showing all 11160 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Herbert W. Marsh | 152 | 646 | 89512 |
Michele Parrinello | 133 | 637 | 94674 |
Dafna D. Gladman | 129 | 1036 | 75273 |
Peter J. Anderson | 120 | 966 | 63635 |
Alessandro Vespignani | 118 | 419 | 63824 |
C. Patrignani | 117 | 1754 | 110008 |
Hermine Katharina Wöhri | 116 | 629 | 55540 |
Francesco Muntoni | 115 | 963 | 52629 |
Giancarlo Comi | 109 | 961 | 54270 |
Giorgio Parisi | 108 | 941 | 60746 |
Luca Benini | 101 | 1453 | 47862 |
Alessandro Cardini | 101 | 1288 | 53804 |
Nicola Serra | 100 | 1042 | 46640 |
Jurg Keller | 99 | 389 | 35628 |
Giulio Usai | 97 | 517 | 39392 |