University of Nigeria, Nsukka

About: University of Nigeria, Nsukka is a education organization based out in Nsukka, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 10211 authors who have published 13685 publications receiving 138922 citations.

Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) undermines control efforts and its burden is poorly understood in resource-limited settings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide an up-to-date summary of the extent of drug-resistant TB in Nigeria. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, HINARI, AJOL, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for reports published before January 31 2017, that included any resistance, mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to anti-TB drugs in Nigeria. Summary estimates were calculated using random effects models. Results We identified 34 anti-TB drug resistance surveys with 8002 adult TB patients consisting of 2982 new and 5020 previously-treated cases. The prevalence rate of any drug resistance among new TB cases was 32.0% (95% CI 24.0–40.0%; 734/2892) and among previously-treated cases, the rate was 53.0% (95% CI 35.0–71.0%; 1467/5020). Furthermore, multidrug resistance among new and previously-treated cases was 6.0% (95% CI 4.0–8.0%;161/2502)and 32.0% (95%CI 20.0–44.0; 357/949), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (p<0.001, I2 tests). The prevalence of drug-resistant TB varied according to methods of drug susceptibility testing and geographic region of Nigeria. Conclusion The burden of drug-resistant TB in Nigeria is high. We recommend that a national anti-TB drug resistance survey be carried out, and strategies for case detection and programmatic management of drug-resistant TB in Nigeria need to be strengthened.

Efficiency of dietary vegetable oils in preserving the quality of shell eggs under ambient tropical conditions

Abstract: The study evaluates the efficacy of three common market-grade culinary vegetable oils—groundnut oil, cottonseed oil and coconut oil—in preserving the internal quality of freshly laid eggs coated with them and stored under tropical room conditions of 25–32°C and 40–85% r.h. for 36 days. All three vegetable oils significantly (P 0.05) improvement over untreated eggs.

The adverse effects of long-term cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumption.

Abstract: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important dietary staple for more than 500 million people in developing countries. People eat 60% of the cassava produced and one third of the harvest feeds animals. All cultivars of cassava contain the cyanogenic glucoside, linamarin, but in different concentrations. The roots of those cultivars with high cyanogenic content are processed to reduce the level of linamarin, because linamarin is hydrolysed in the intestinal tract of both men and animals by microbial flora and HCN is released. Researchers have implicated the sublethal levels of HCN produced on ingestion in the development of a number of metabolic diseases in both man and animals when cassava-based diets are consumed over a long period of time but the release of HCN cannot fully explain the metabolic effects of ingested linamarin. A significant amount of linamarin remains intact and is excreted in the urine. It appears that the intact linamarin inhibits Na+K+ATPase causing electrolyte imbalance within the cell. This phenomenon is exacerbated by free radicals generated by the hypoxia/normoxia cycles created by cyanide released from linamarin, which cause lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage. When the supply of endogenous thiosulphate is adequate, cyanide plays a very minor role in the development of lesions. The amount of damage is related to the quantity of linamarin routinely ingested at sublethal levels. There appears to be species differences in the rate of the development of diseases and the intensity.

Spatial Analysis of Vulnerability to Flooding in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract: This study analyzed the vulnerability to flooding in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria, by creating vulnerability indices and comparing these indices across the 13 zones that make up Port Harcourt metropolis. The integrated vulnerability assessment approach using indicators was adopted. The indicators were grouped into adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change definition of vulnerability. The data on these indicators were obtained from fieldwork, questionnaire, and map measurements. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain the first component scores which were used to weight the variables before calculating the vulnerability indices of the 13 zones. The vulnerability indices results show that Mgbuosimiri (Zone K) is relatively the most vulnerable, whereas the least vulnerable is Eligbolo (Zone D). Cluster analysis was used to group the different vulnerability indices to produce a vulnerability map showing the spatial pattern of the different flood vulnerability levels (i.e., very high, high, low, and very low vulnerability levels). The spatial pattern of the vulnerability levels increases toward the north west, south west, south, and north east, and decreases toward the central of Port Harcourt. However, the vulnerability map can be used for the reduction of damage potential by integrating its outputs into spatial planning and emergency planning.