Institution
Vienna University of Technology
Education•Vienna, Austria•
About: Vienna University of Technology is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Context (language use). The organization has 16723 authors who have published 49341 publications receiving 1302168 citations.
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16 Mar 1998TL;DR: This work uses information in a release history of a system to uncover logical dependencies and change patterns among modules, identifying logical coupling among modules in such a way that potential structural shortcomings can be identified and further examined, pointing to restructuring or reengineering opportunities.
Abstract: Code-based metrics such as coupling and cohesion are used to measure a system's structural complexity. But dealing with large systems-those consisting of several millions of lines-at the code level faces many problems. An alternative approach is to concentrate on the system's building blocks such as programs or modules as the unit of examination. We present an approach that uses information in a release history of a system to uncover logical dependencies and change patterns among modules. We have developed the approach by working with 20 releases of a large Telecommunications Switching System. We use release information such as version numbers of programs, modules, and subsystems together with change reports to discover common change behavior (i.e. change patterns) of modules. Our approach identifies logical coupling among modules in such a way that potential structural shortcomings can be identified and further examined, pointing to restructuring or reengineering opportunities.
482 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the NIR spectra of wood and wood products contain information regarding their chemical composition and molecular structure, which can influence physical properties and performance, however, they do not reveal the properties of wood products.
Abstract: Near infrared (NIR) spectra of wood and wood products contain information regarding their chemical composition and molecular structure. Both influence physical properties and performance, however, ...
480 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of surface textures under the operative lubrication regimes in the Stribeck curve, with a clear distinction between conformal-and non-conformal contacts, are discussed.
478 citations
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TL;DR: Across all six continents studied, afternoon rain falls preferentially over soils that are relatively dry compared to the surrounding area, and a positive feedback of soil moisture on simulated precipitation does dominate in six state-of-the-art global weather and climate models—a difference that may contribute to excessive simulated droughts in large-scale models.
Abstract: Analysis of observations on six continents reveals a global preference for afternoon rain to fall on locally drier soils—contrary to the predictions of large-scale climate models, and suggesting that such models may exaggerate the occurrence of droughts. Soil moisture is known to influence precipitation across a range of scales in time and space, and most models suggest that wetter soils promote higher atmospheric moisture content and favour the local development of storms. But this analysis of global precipitation data from a combination of weather satellites shows that — especially in semi-arid regions — afternoon precipitation is more likely over dry soil than over wet soil. The findings suggest that current climate models may be missing fundamental processes regulating convection and land–atmosphere interactions. Land surface properties, such as vegetation cover and soil moisture, influence the partitioning of radiative energy between latent and sensible heat fluxes in daytime hours. During dry periods, soil-water deficit can limit evapotranspiration, leading to warmer and drier conditions in the lower atmosphere1,2. Soil moisture can influence the development of convective storms through such modifications of low-level atmospheric temperature and humidity1,3, which in turn feeds back on soil moisture. Yet there is considerable uncertainty in how soil moisture affects convective storms across the world, owing to a lack of observational evidence and uncertainty in large-scale models4. Here we present a global-scale observational analysis of the coupling between soil moisture and precipitation. We show that across all six continents studied, afternoon rain falls preferentially over soils that are relatively dry compared to the surrounding area. The signal emerges most clearly in the observations over semi-arid regions, where surface fluxes are sensitive to soil moisture, and convective events are frequent. Mechanistically, our results are consistent with enhanced afternoon moist convection driven by increased sensible heat flux over drier soils, and/or mesoscale variability in soil moisture. We find no evidence in our analysis of a positive feedback—that is, a preference for rain over wetter soils—at the spatial scale (50–100 kilometres) studied. In contrast, we find that a positive feedback of soil moisture on simulated precipitation does dominate in six state-of-the-art global weather and climate models—a difference that may contribute to excessive simulated droughts in large-scale models.
475 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the photoconductivity of biased mono-and bilayer molybdenum disulfide field effect transistors was investigated and photovoltaic and photoconductive effects were identified.
Abstract: Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for sensitive photodetection. Here, we report a photoconductivity study of biased mono- and bilayer molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors. We identify photovoltaic and photoconductive effects, which both show strong photogain. The photovoltaic effect is described as a shift in transistor threshold voltage due to charge transfer from the channel to nearby molecules, including SiO2 surface-bound water. The photoconductive effect is attributed to the trapping of carriers in band tail states in the molybdenum disulfide itself. A simple model is presented that reproduces our experimental observations, such as the dependence on incident optical power and gate voltage. Our findings offer design and engineering strategies for atomically thin molybdenum disulfide photodetectors, and we anticipate that the results are generalizable to other transition metal dichalcogenides as well.
475 citations
Authors
Showing all 16934 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski | 169 | 1431 | 128585 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Marco Zanetti | 145 | 1439 | 104610 |
Sridhara Dasu | 140 | 1675 | 103185 |
Duncan Carlsmith | 138 | 1660 | 103642 |
Ulrich Heintz | 136 | 1688 | 99829 |
Matthew Herndon | 133 | 1732 | 97466 |
Frank Würthwein | 133 | 1584 | 94613 |
Alain Hervé | 132 | 1279 | 87763 |
Manfred Jeitler | 132 | 1278 | 89645 |
David Taylor | 131 | 2469 | 93220 |
Roberto Covarelli | 131 | 1516 | 89981 |
Patricia McBride | 129 | 1230 | 81787 |
David Smith | 129 | 2184 | 100917 |
Lindsey Gray | 129 | 1170 | 81317 |