Institution
Vienna University of Technology
Education•Vienna, Austria•
About: Vienna University of Technology is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Context (language use). The organization has 16723 authors who have published 49341 publications receiving 1302168 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the literature on the empirical relationship between R&D and the productivity of firms and find a large and significant impact of research and development on firm performance on average.
Abstract: A variety of methods have been used to investigate the empirical relationship between research and development (R&D) spending and the productivity of firms. The most widely employed frameworks are the production function and the associated productivity framework. In these settings, productivity growth is related to expenditures on R&D, and an attempt is made to estimate statistically the part of productivity growth that can be attributed to R&D activities. This article surveys the expansive body of empirical literature on this subject and finds a large and significant impact of R&D on firm performance on average. However, the estimated returns vary considerably between the different studies due to differences across data samples and econometric models, as well as methodological and conceptual issues. A meta-analysis on the studies surveyed reveals that the estimated rates of return do not significantly differ between countries, whereas the estimated elasticities do. Furthermore, the estimated elasticities are significantly higher in the 1980s and consistently higher in the 1990s compared with the 1970s. Hence, contrary to a widely held belief, we find no convincing evidence of an exhaustion of R&D opportunities in the last two decades.
173 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an automatic method for water surface classification and delineation by combining the geometrical and signal intensity information provided by airborne laser scanning (ALS) is presented. But this method is not suitable for water-land boundary segmentation.
Abstract: In recent years airborne laser scanning (ALS) evolved into a state-of-the-art technology for topographic data acquisition. We present a novel, automatic method for water surface classification and delineation by combining the geometrical and signal intensity information provided by ALS. The reflection characteristics of water surfaces in the near-infrared wavelength (1064 nm) of the ALS system along with the surface roughness information provide the basis for the differentiation between water and land areas. Water areas are characterized by a high number of laser shot dropouts and predominant low backscatter energy. In a preprocessing step, the recorded intensities are corrected for spherical loss and atmospheric attenuation, and the locations of laser shot dropouts are modeled. A seeded region growing segmentation, applied to the point cloud and the modeled dropouts, is used to detect potential water regions. Object-based classification of the resulting segments determines the final separation of water and non-water points. The water-land-boundary is defined by the central contour line of the transition zone between water and land points. We demonstrate that the proposed workflow succeeds for a regulated river (Inn, Austria) with smooth water surface as well as for a pro-glacial braided river (Hintereisfernerbach, Austria). A multi-temporal analysis over five years of the pro-glacial river channel emphasizes the applicability of the developed method for different ALS systems and acquisition settings (e.g. point density). The validation, based on real time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) field survey and a terrestrial orthophoto, indicate point cloud classification accuracy above 97% with 0·45 m planimetric accuracy (root mean square error) of the water–land boundary. This article shows the capability of ALS data for water surface mapping with a high degree of automation and accuracy. This provides valuable datasets for a number of applications in geomorphology, hydrology and hydraulics, such as monitoring of braided rivers, flood modeling and mapping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
173 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the joint dynamics of yield spreads derived from government bonds issued by member states of the European Monetary Union (EMU), and they adopt a state-space approach to implement the model whereby they can extract factor series and model parameters simultaneously.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the joint dynamics of yield spreads derived from government bonds issued by member states of the European Monetary Union (EMU). A descriptive analysis shows that there are substantial and volatile spreads between zero coupon yields of EMU member countries and German Bund yields. These yield spreads form an important source of additional risk that has to be taken into account by any pricing or risk management model dealing with EMU government bonds. We extract risk factors driving observed yield spreads by employing a multi-issuer version of the model originally proposed by Duffie and Singleton (1999). We adopt a state-space approach to implement the model whereby we can extract factor series and model parameters simultaneously. Our findings indicate that a parsimonious two-factor version of the multi-issuer model sufficiently captures the main features of the data. In this model the first factor turns out to be related to long term yield spreads across different issuers, whereas the second factor is related to short term yield spreads. Our evidence suggests that EMU government bond spreads are related to corporate bond spreads and swap spreads whereas we do not find evidence for a significant impact of macroeconomic or liquidity related variables. JEL classification codes: C51, E43, G13, G15.
173 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a dual fluidized bed reactor system with olivine as a bed material was used for steam gasification of biomass. But the results obtained with Olivine are compared to silica sand, which is considered to be inert.
173 citations
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University of Notre Dame1, Massey University2, Goddard Space Flight Center3, Massachusetts Institute of Technology4, Osaka University5, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris6, University of Warsaw7, Vienna University of Technology8, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare9, University of Salerno10, Nagoya University11, University of Auckland12, Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology13, Victoria University of Wellington14, University of Canterbury15, University of Toulouse16, European Southern Observatory17, University of Tasmania18, University of Rijeka19, University of St Andrews20, Chungbuk National University21, Space Telescope Science Institute22, Heidelberg University23, Texas A&M University24, Peking University25, Ohio State University26, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute27, Harvard University28, University of Concepción29, Queen Mary University of London30, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network31, Royal Society32, Qatar Foundation33, Max Planck Society34, Liverpool John Moores University35, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile36, University of Manchester37, University of Hertfordshire38, Centre national de la recherche scientifique39
TL;DR: In this paper, the first microlensing candidate for a free-floating exoplanet-exomoon system, MOA-2011-BLG-262, with a primary lens mass of M host ~ 4 Jupiter masses hosting a sub-Earth mass moon was presented.
Abstract: We present the first microlensing candidate for a free-floating exoplanet-exomoon system, MOA-2011-BLG-262, with a primary lens mass of M host ~ 4 Jupiter masses hosting a sub-Earth mass moon. The argument for an exomoon hinges on the system being relatively close to the Sun. The data constrain the product ML πrel where ML is the lens system mass and πrel is the lens-source relative parallax. If the lens system is nearby (large πrel), then ML is small (a few Jupiter masses) and the companion is a sub-Earth-mass exomoon. The best-fit solution has a large lens-source relative proper motion, μrel = 19.6 ± 1.6 mas yr–1, which would rule out a distant lens system unless the source star has an unusually high proper motion. However, data from the OGLE collaboration nearly rule out a high source proper motion, so the exoplanet+exomoon model is the favored interpretation for the best fit model. However, there is an alternate solution that has a lower proper motion and fits the data almost as well. This solution is compatible with a distant (so stellar) host. A Bayesian analysis does not favor the exoplanet+exomoon interpretation, so Occam's razor favors a lens system in the bulge with host and companion masses of and , at a projected separation of AU. The existence of this degeneracy is an unlucky accident, so current microlensing experiments are in principle sensitive to exomoons. In some circumstances, it will be possible to definitively establish the mass of such lens systems through the microlensing parallax effect. Future experiments will be sensitive to less extreme exomoons.
173 citations
Authors
Showing all 16934 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski | 169 | 1431 | 128585 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Marco Zanetti | 145 | 1439 | 104610 |
Sridhara Dasu | 140 | 1675 | 103185 |
Duncan Carlsmith | 138 | 1660 | 103642 |
Ulrich Heintz | 136 | 1688 | 99829 |
Matthew Herndon | 133 | 1732 | 97466 |
Frank Würthwein | 133 | 1584 | 94613 |
Alain Hervé | 132 | 1279 | 87763 |
Manfred Jeitler | 132 | 1278 | 89645 |
David Taylor | 131 | 2469 | 93220 |
Roberto Covarelli | 131 | 1516 | 89981 |
Patricia McBride | 129 | 1230 | 81787 |
David Smith | 129 | 2184 | 100917 |
Lindsey Gray | 129 | 1170 | 81317 |