Showing papers in "Biological Conservation in 2016"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify five hypotheses for when and why natural habitat can fail to support biological pest control, and illustrate each with case studies from the literature: (1) pest populations have no effective natural enemies in the region, (2) natural habitat is a greater source of pests than natural enemies, (3) crops provide more resources for natural enemies than does natural habitat, (4) natural habitats is insufficient in amount, proximity, composition, or configuration to provide large enough enemy populations needed for pest control and (5) agricultural practices counteract enemy establishment and bioc

TL;DR: Using the protocols in this study eDNA had reasonable detection probabilities at extremely low animal densities and very high detection probability at population-level densities, making it substantially more sensitive than traditional electrofishing for determining the presence of brook trout.

TL;DR: The findings show no association between threat status and ED, suggesting that future extinctions may not result in a disproportionate loss of evolutionary history and that immediate efforts should focus on geckos, iguanas, and chameleons, representing 67% of high- ED threatened species and 57% of Unassessed high-ED lineages.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first explicit appraisal of how phenology can make a key contribution to contemporary conservation biology, focusing on shifts in plant phenology induced by global change, their impacts on species diversity and plant-animal interactions in the tropics, and how conservation efforts could be enhanced in relation to plant resource organization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Aichi target to manage protected areas equitably by 2020 is discussed, and the conservation sector should be incorporating concerns for social justice in its management of protected areas.

TL;DR: Jennifer L.A. Shaw, Laurence J. Clarke, Scotte D.Wedderburn, Thomas C. Barnes, Laura S. Weyrich, Alan Cooper

TL;DR: This work urges immediate action, particularly by regulating lethal dietary toxins, to prevent the extinction of vultures and loss of respective ecosystem services.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 20-ha forest dynamics plot in a species-rich subtropical forest was analyzed using ground-based stem-mapping data and topographic and edaphic variables.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for estimating broad trends in ecosystem area based on incomplete and heterogeneous data, developing a proof-of-concept for the first indicator of change in area of natural wetland, the Wetland Extent Trends (WET) index.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether fair participation processes were directly related to conflict resolution and if this relationship was mediated by trust, and provided empirical quantitative evidence that increased trust through fair processes makes conflict resolution more likely.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the global reptile pet trade, its impacts, and its contribution to the over-harvesting of species and populations, in light of current international law.

TL;DR: Adopting feeding practices that validate the nutritional appropriateness of wildlife feed for the target species, make food available at lower densities for short periods at unpredictable times and places to prevent aggregation, and avoid feeding during times of migration, pulses of new recruits, and epidemics are recommended.

TL;DR: A review of the literature on spatial prioritization for climate change can be found in this paper, where the most common approaches (n = 41, 89%) utilize forecasts of species distributions and aimed to either protect future species habitats or identify climate refugia to shelter species from climate change.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of sound on animal ecology from species to landscapes is investigated, including acoustic adaptation, acoustic niche, acoustic active space, acoustic community, and acoustic phenology to investigate the effect of climate change on species, populations, communities, and landscapes.

TL;DR: Although major progress has been made in recent years in reducing bycatch rates and in controlling or eradicating pests at breeding sites, unless conservation efforts are intensified, the future prospects of many species of albatrosses and large petrels will remain bleak.

TL;DR: A global literature review and meta-analysis directed at quantifying the magnitude of secondary invasion effects and identifying possible causes suggest that target invader suppression is the key factor driving release of secondary invaders.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) is proposed to identify key drivers of tolerance to living with damage-causing wildlife, where the extent to which a person experiences a species determines perceptions of costs relative to benefits of living with a species.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that successful conservation needs to be informed by social science because it is closely linked to socio-economic processes and human behaviour, and that limited knowledge about ecosystems' interactions with human behaviour is limited.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed regional assessment of the response of ant communities to land-use change and forest disturbance in the Brazilian Amazon is presented, examining variation in ant species richness and composition, and asking which set of environmental variables best predict observed patterns of diversity.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive spatial database was created and documented all enacted and proposed PADDD events since 1900, and the authors identified 67 enacted PADD events, which affected 112,477 km2 and eliminated 6% of Brazil's total potential terrestrial protected area estate.

TL;DR: In this paper, a follow-up study assessing the status and recovery of a deep-sea fisheries closure and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) at ~1000m water depth in the NE Atlantic, eight years after designation, was presented.

TL;DR: This paper conducted a questionnaire survey of undergraduate university students in Tokyo, Japan, and determined the effects of frequency of contact with nature on emotional connectedness to nature and perceptions of neighbourhood nature.

TL;DR: It is essential that the understanding of the mechanisms by which seed dispersal is lost is improved, even though the disperser's population remains viable, as there are many unanswered questions that hinder an objective understanding of this threat.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed 510 peer-reviewed publications (period 1998-2014) focusing on ecological aspects of N2k, with the aims of identifying key research gaps and proposing future research priorities for improved conservation success.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the biodiversity implications of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies (CCAMS) being implemented in the production forests of Sweden and find that CCAMS will often come into direct or partial conflict with Swedish biodiversity goals in production forests.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether short fenced road sections were similarly effective in reducing large mammal-vehicle collisions as long fences and whether fence length influenced large mammal use of underpasses.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors use text mining to analyse 641 peer-reviewed conservation prioritisation articles published between 2006 and 2012 and find that only 10% of articles specifically mention SDMs in the abstract, title, and/or keywords.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors measured Chinese endemic seed plant diversity using five indices: endemic species richness (ER), weighted endemism (WE), phylogenetic diversity (PD), PL diversity, phylogenetic endemisms (PE), and biogeographically weighted evolutionary distinctiveness (BED), and identified 19 hotspots covering 796% of China's total land area.

TL;DR: Investigating how humans, dogs and coyotes used protected areas and behavioral responses by three prey species indicated that humans are perceived as a greater risk than coyotes, and this increases when dogs accompany their owners.

TL;DR: This review of ant eradications worldwide to assess the practice and identify knowledge gaps and challenges documented 316 eradication campaigns targeting 11 species, with most occurring in Australia covering small areas.