Showing papers in "Cell Stem Cell in 2015"

TL;DR: This work focuses on the CSC niche and discusses its contribution to tumor initiation and progression and examines the prospects of targeting the niche components as preferable therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: Clinical investigations using stem cell products in regenerative medicine are addressing a wide spectrum of conditions using a variety of stem cell types and applications are progressing in trials, some with early benefits to patients.

TL;DR: Findings implicate perivascular Gli1(+) MSC-like cells as a major cellular origin of organ fibrosis and demonstrate that these cells may be a relevant therapeutic target to prevent solid organ dysfunction after injury.

TL;DR: The molecular continuum underlying adult neurogenesis is revealed and Waterfall, a bioinformatic pipeline, is developed to statistically quantify singe-cell gene expression along a de novo reconstructed continuous developmental trajectory.

TL;DR: This study unveils general principles underlying NSC activation and lineage priming and opens potential avenues for regenerative medicine in the brain.

TL;DR: Recent progress is reviewed and questions related to adult mammalian neural stem cells that also apply to other somatic stem cells are focused on.

TL;DR: Results show that iNs retain important aging-related signatures, thus allowing modeling of the aging process in vitro, and they identify impaired NCC as an important factor in human aging.

TL;DR: This work has identified an lncRNA-based Wnt signaling regulatory circuit that promotes tumorigenic activity in liver cancer stem cells, highlighting the role that lncRNAs can play in tumor growth and propagation.

TL;DR: Embryonic stem cell culture conditions are important for maintaining long-term self-renewal, and they influence cellular pluripotency state, with 2i being the most similar to blastocyst cells and including a subpopulation resembling the two-cell embryo state.

TL;DR: It is shown that MPP2 and MPP3 are distinct myeloid-biased MPP subsets that work together with lymphoid-primed MPP4 cells to control blood production, and these results support a dynamic model of blood development in which HSCs convey lineage specification through independent production of distinct lineage-biased MPs that, in turn, support lineage expansion and differentiation.

TL;DR: A role for miRNAs is uncovered in regulating m( 6)A formation of mRNAs and provide a foundation for future functional studies of m(6)A modification in cell reprogramming.

TL;DR: It is reported that during the transition from quiescence to proliferation, skeletal muscle stem cells experience a metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, revealing how metabolic cues can be mechanistically translated into epigenetic modifications that regulate skeletal muscle cell biology.

TL;DR: The historical background of BM-MSCs, advances made in their prospective isolation, their developmental origin and contribution to maintaining subsets of hematopoietic cells, and how mesenchymal cells contribute to other stem cell niches are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is reported that human fibroblasts can be directly converted into neuronal cells by a chemical cocktail of seven small molecules, bypassing a neural progenitor stage.

TL;DR: A reporter-based screening approach for high-throughput identification of chemical compounds that can modulate precise genome editing through homology-directed repair (HDR) is developed and small molecules that can enhance CRISPR-mediated HDR efficiency are identified.

TL;DR: It is shown that human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiate into incipient mesoderm-like cells (iMeLCs), which robustly generate human primordial germ cell- like cells (hPGCLCs) that can be purified using the surface markers EpCAM and INTEGRINα6.

TL;DR: An unbiased sorting strategy is designed that separates non-HSCs away from HSCs, and single-cell transplantation experiments using the enriched population were combined with RNA-seq data to identify key molecules that associate with long-term durable self-renewal, producing a single- cell molecular dataset that is linked to functional stem cell activity.

TL;DR: A generalized method for organ bud formation from diverse tissues by combining pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue-specific progenitors or relevant tissue samples with endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

TL;DR: How genetic changes in stromal cells and leukemia-induced BM niche remodeling contribute to blood malignancies are described and how these findings can be applied to non-cell-autonomous therapies targeting the LSC niche are discussed.

TL;DR: Recent advances in lineage reprograming are reviewed, including the identification of novel reprogramming factors, underlying molecular mechanisms, strategies for generating functionally mature cells, and assays for characterizing induced cells.

TL;DR: It is shown that mouse fibroblasts can be directly converted into neuronal cells using only a cocktail of small molecules, with a yield of up to >90% being TUJ1-positive after 16 days of induction.

TL;DR: The phenotypic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment contains stem-like megakaryocyte-committed progenitors (SL-MkPs), a cell population that serves as a lineage-restricted emergency pool for inflammatory insults.

TL;DR: Using breast cancer as a model, it is discussed how an improved understanding of tumor cellular heterogeneity and plasticity may lead to development of more effective therapeutic strategies.

TL;DR: Pnky is unveiled as a conserved lncRNA that interacts with a key RNA processing factor and regulates neurogenesis from embryonic and postnatal NSC populations.

TL;DR: It is reported that repetitive elements originating from endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are systematically transcribed during human early embryogenesis in a stage-specific manner and are a hallmark of cellular identity and cell potency that characterizes the cell populations in early human embryos.

TL;DR: The finding that unilateral engraftment of CM-iPSCs could provide a gradual onset of functional motor improvement contralateral to the side of dopamine neuron transplantation, and increased motor activity, without a need for immunosuppression supports further development of autologous iPSC-derived cell transplantation for treatment of PD.

TL;DR: It is shown here that multiple hair follicle stem cell populations readily develop BCC-like tumors and that innervated Gli1-expressing progenitors within mechanosensory touch dome epithelia are highly tumorigenic.

TL;DR: This work derived induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with inversion genotypes and used CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases to revert these chromosomal segments back to the WT situation and functionally rescued factor VIII deficiency in an otherwise lethal mouse model of hemophilia.

TL;DR: A multifaceted model of lncRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation of the HOXA cluster is revealed, with distinct roles for a lnc RNA transcript and its genomic locus, while illustrating the power of rapid CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing for assigning lncRNAs functions.

TL;DR: How metabolites generated during glycolytic and oxidative processes are utilized in enzymatic reactions leading to epigenetic modifications and transcriptional regulation contributes to global epigenetic changes in the context of naive and primed pluripotent states.