Showing papers in "European Neuropsychopharmacology in 2014"

TL;DR: An integrative overview of the above issues is included as a platform for this Special Issue of European Neuropsychopharmacology in which five clinical and five preclinical articles treat individual themes in greater detail.

TL;DR: This review focuses on four aspects of the motivation/pleasure domain, providing a brief review of the behavioral and neural underpinnings of this domain and considers the behavioral manifestations and brain representations of thesefour aspects of motivation/ Pleasure deficits in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results significantly reinforce the reliability of elevated 5-HT blood levels as a biomarker in ASD, providing practical indications potentially useful for its inclusion in multi-marker diagnostic panels for clinical use.

TL;DR: The term “Type 3 diabetes” is suggested to account for the underlying abnormalities associated with AD-type neurodegeneration, and the potential role of nitrosamine exposures as mediators of Type 3 diabetes is discussed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that orally administered BCP reduced inflammatory (late phase) pain responses in the formalin test in a CB₂ receptor-dependent manner, while it had no effect on acute responses.

TL;DR: The results suggest that stressful experiences in early life may create a background, via aberrant DNA methylation, which promotes the development of cocaine-induced behavioural sensitisation in adulthood.

TL;DR: Six adipokines, defined as hormones, cytokines and peptides secreted by adipose tissue, may have more widespread influence and functionality in the brain than previously thought and their influence on dementia processes within the brain will be discussed.

TL;DR: The transdiagnostic presence and relevance of negative symptoms highlights the need for continued exploration of their phenomenology and neurobiology as they move to develop effective interventions to address these debilitating symptoms and improve functional outcomes.

TL;DR: Leading experts on biomedical research on mental disorders have provided an assessment of the state of the art in core psychopathological domains, including arousal and stress regulation, affect, cognition social processes, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy.

TL;DR: This review summarizes all the past and recent knowledge on psilocybin and attempts to describe the mechanism of psychedelic effects and objectify its action using modern imaging and psychometric methods.

TL;DR: The present review focuses on the expression and function of insulin, IGFs and their receptors in the brain in physiological and pathological conditions.

TL;DR: Based on animal literature, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity may account for certain structural changes present in schizophrenia, but additional human studies are required to substantiate these findings.

TL;DR: Results suggest that CBD modulation of anxiety in the PL depend on 5HT1A-mediated neurotransmission and previous stressful experience.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that developmental brain differences in ADHD largely normalize in adulthood, and reduced caudate volume in male patients may point to distinct neurobiological deficits underlying ADHD in the two genders.

TL;DR: It is concluded that sub-chronic treatment with NMDAR antagonists, typically PCP, induces social withdrawal in animals but not anhedonia, and this will enhance the understanding of the psycho and neuropathology of specific negative symptom domains and allow early detection of novel pharmacological targets.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of vortioxetine and the potential impact of its 5-HT1A receptor agonist and 5HT3 receptor antagonist properties on 5HT depletion-induced memory deficits were studied.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the behavioral tasks for assessing social functioning that may be translationally relevant for investigating negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results further support the match/mismatch hypothesis of psychiatric disease and illustrate how mild or moderate aversive conditions during development can shape an individual to be optimally adapted to similar conditions later in life.

TL;DR: Intranasal NPY reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and has potential for non-invasive PTSD therapeutic intervention.

TL;DR: Brain imaging studies show that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with both degenerative and vascular brain damage, which develops slowly over the course of many years, and diffusion tensor imaging is a promising technique with respect to subtle white matter involvement.

TL;DR: Evidence from several research domains suggests that CBD shows potential for antipsychotic treatment, and an overview of currently available animal, human experimental, imaging, epidemiological and clinical studies that investigated the antipsychotics properties of CBD is provided.

TL;DR: Vortioxetine restores 5-HT depletion impaired memory performance in rats through one or more of its receptor activities, as measured in hippocampal homogenate and microdialysate.

TL;DR: This study failed due to lack of statistical separation of either bitopertin or olanzapine (active control) from placebo on the primary endpoint, change from baseline in mean Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score.

TL;DR: Antipsychotic use decreased in the elderly between 2003 and 2011, especially in dementia, however, the timing of the decrease did not coincide with safety warnings.

TL;DR: It is shown that prenatal maternal stress in Sprague-Dawley rats induces various anxiety- and depression-related behavioral and neuroendocrine changes, as well as alterations in central 5-HT and TPH2 function, predominantly in male offspring, suggesting that the outcome of developmental stress exposure largely depends on the environmental conditions later in life.

TL;DR: The results of the surveys suggest that the clinicians found the available indication-based nomenclature system dissatisfactory, non-intuitive, confusing, and doubt-inducing for them and the patients.

TL;DR: Findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders.

TL;DR: The use of raloxifene as an adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia seems to be useful in improving cognitive symptoms, and significant differences in some aspects of memory and executive function are found.

TL;DR: The results provide further support to the notion that exposure to early life stress has a negative impact on neuronal plasticity and that pharmacological intervention during critical time windows may prove effective in preventing neuroplastic dysfunction, leading to long-term beneficial effects on brain function.

TL;DR: Two newer scales, the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) and the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) were developed following a National Institute of Mental Health consensus meeting and addressed some of the shortcomings of earlier instruments.