Showing papers in "World Journal of Biological Psychiatry in 2018"
Medical University of Białystok1, University of North Texas Health Science Center2, Radboud University Nijmegen3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, Maastricht University5, University of Antwerp6, University of Cologne7, University of Perugia8, Mayo Clinic9, VU University Medical Center10, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University11, Autonomous University of Barcelona12, New York University13, Washington University in St. Louis14, Karolinska Institutet15, University of Pennsylvania16, Sahlgrenska University Hospital17, University of Ulm18, University of Göttingen19, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases20, University of Oxford21, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg22, University of Bonn23, National Institutes of Health24, Stony Brook University25, Beta26, Cayetano Heredia University27, Paris Descartes University28, UCL Institute of Neurology29
TL;DR: In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force takes the opportunity to extend and update the original paper.
Abstract: In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force t...
226 citations
TL;DR: Current treatment recommendations are still based on limited evidence, and there is a clear demand for confirmative studies adopting the DSM-5 specifier with mixed features concept.
Abstract: Objectives: Although clinically highly relevant, the recognition and treatment of bipolar mixed states has played only an underpart in recent guidelines. This WFSBP guideline has been developed to ...
115 citations
RWTH Aachen University1, University of Würzburg2, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich3, Innsbruck Medical University4, Heidelberg University5, University of Regensburg6, University of Lausanne7, University of Freiburg8, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices9, University of Göttingen10, University of Tübingen11, Technische Universität München12, Max Planck Society13, Utrecht University14
TL;DR: The present guidelines for TDM application for neuropsychiatric agents aim to assist clinicians in enhancing safety and efficacy of treatment.
Abstract: Objectives: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) combines the quantification of drug concentrations in blood, pharmacological interpretation and treatment guidance. TDM introduces a precision medicine...
92 citations
TL;DR: Silexan had beneficial effects on typical concomitant symptoms of anxiety disorders, such as impaired sleep, somatic complaints, co-morbid depression or decreased quality of life, and did not induce any adverse effects at daily doses of 80 or 160 mg.
Abstract: Objectives: Silexan is a lavender oil preparation available in 80-mg capsules Here we review clinical trials investigating its anxiolytic efficacy, safety and tolerability in humans, as well as pr
89 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest the complex impairment of social cognition, as demonstrated by neural-related circuit disruptions during facial emotion processing and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia.
Abstract: Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties processing the emotional and cognitive states of others. Neuroimaging studies show inconsistent findings.Methods: We used a Seed-based d Mapping meta-analytic method to explore brain activation during facial emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia patients.Results: The patients showed lesser recruitment of the facial emotion processing network; behavioural performance was associated with the activation of the precentral gyrus. We found abnormal activation of the mentalising network in schizophrenia patients during reasoning about other people’s mental states; patients with worse performances showed lesser activation in the right insula and superior temporal gyrus. Multimodal meta-analysis showed overlaps of brain-related abnormalities for both modalities in schizophrenia, with reduced recruitment of the right insula, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the bilateral parietal cort...
73 citations
TL;DR: There is evidence that endocrine and immune interactions have an important impact on monoamine function and that the altered monoamine signalling observed in the depressive syndrome has a neuro-endocrino-immunological origin early in the development.
Abstract: Objectives: The main aims of this paper are to review and evaluate the neurobiology of the depressive syndrome from a neurodevelopmental perspective.Methods: An English language literature search w...
61 citations
TL;DR: Through a convergent functional genomics, this review contributes to clarification of which genetic/biological mechanisms differ with age, and some genes/proteins could be potential useful biomarkers to discriminate cADHD from aADHD.
Abstract: Objectives: Elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been challenging. Relatively unexplored is the fact that these mechanisms can diffe...
58 citations
TL;DR: Volumetric brain changes in ABA animals mirror those in human AN patients, and alterations are associated with a reduction of GFAP-positive astrocytes as well as GFAP expression.
Abstract: Objectives: Severe grey and white matter volume reductions were found in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) that were linked to neuropsychological deficits while their underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. For the first time, we analysed the cellular basis of brain volume changes in an animal model (activity-based anorexia, ABA).Methods: Female rats had 24 h/day running wheel access and received reduced food intake until a 25% weight reduction was reached and maintained for 2 weeks.Results: In ABA rats, the volumes of the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum were significantly reduced compared to controls by 6% and 9%, respectively. The number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in these regions decreased by 39% and 23%, total astrocyte-covered area by 83% and 63%. In neurons no changes were observed. The findings were complemented by a 60% and 49% reduction in astrocyte (GFAP) mRNA expression.Conclusions: Volumetric brain changes in ABA animals mirror those in human AN patients. These alterations a...
54 citations
TL;DR: In lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from two well-characterized groups of bipolar disorder patients, lithium influences expression of circadian genes with differences in amplitude and kinetics according to the patient’s lithium response status.
Abstract: Objectives: We examine whether the lithium response is associated with changes in the expression of core clock genes.Methods: The effect of a therapeutic concentration of lithium (1 mM) on the expr...
49 citations
TL;DR: Increased levels of glutamate in the ACC, which were positively correlated with hyperactivity and impulsivity, support the hypothesis that dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission is at least partially responsible for ADHD symptomatology.
Abstract: Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is closely linked to the dysregulation of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the fronto-striatal neural network, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Additionally, increasing evidence supports the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Impulsivity, a core symptom in patients with ADHD, has been repeatedly associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission, and pharmacological treatment of ADHD has been shown to reduce glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex.Methods: We investigated glutamate levels in the ACC and the DLPFC in 30 adults with ADHD and 30 healthy controls using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 3T scanner.Results: The ADHD group showed a significant increase in glutamate in the ACC compared to controls, no significant differences in metabolites were observed in the DLPFC. Overall, glutamate levels ...
45 citations
TL;DR: In depressed patients treated with antidepressant drugs, smaller hippocampal volumes predict lower response/remission rates.
Abstract: Whether hippocampal volume predicts response and/or remission after antidepressant treatment of Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) remains unclear. We meta-analyzed prospective studies comparing baseline hippocampal volume in patients with or without response/remission after antidepressant treatment. Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for studies of patients with current MDE in MDD, with hippocampal volume assessments at baseline, initiation of antidepressant drug treatment, and prospective assessment of response/remission after treatment. Six studies (374 patients), of which 2 were positive and 4 negative, were meta-analyzed. Compared to responders/remitters, patients who failed to achieve response/remission had smaller total hippocampus volumes at baseline (mean volume difference = 260 mm3, CI95% [93; 427], p= 0.002). These results remained significant in patients under 60 years of age (p = 0.02), in those over 60 years old (p = 0.04), and for right (p = 0.006) and left (p = 0.02) hippocampi. The probability of non-response/non-remission was 68.6% for patients with a total hippocampal volume at least 10% lower than the average, and 47.1% for patients with a total hippocampal volume 10% higher than the average. In depressed patients treated with antidepressant drugs, smaller hippocampal volumes predict lower response/remission rates.
TL;DR: Blue light exposure may suppress melatonin, increase alertness, and interfere with sleep in young, healthy volunteers and in animals, and future developments must address the potential impact of blue light on NIF functions for healthy individuals and those with mental illness.
Abstract: Objectives: Two recent scientific breakthroughs may alter the treatment of mental illness, as discussed in this narrative review. The first was the invention of white light-emitting diodes ...
TL;DR: This study suggests that altered epigenetic regulation of ARNTL might provide a mechanistic basis for better understanding circadian rhythms and mood swings in BD.
Abstract: Objectives: The clock gene ARNTL is associated with the transcription activation of monoamine oxidase A according to previous literature. Thus, we hypothesised that methylation of ARNTL may differ ...
Deakin University1, University of New South Wales2, Dresden University of Technology3, University of British Columbia4, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust5, University of Toronto6, Stanford University7, University of Antioquia8, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center9, Harvard University10, National University of Singapore11, University of Pennsylvania12, Medical University of Vienna13
TL;DR: Risks of adverse outcomes with antidepressant treatment can be managed through appropriate assessment and monitoring to improve the risk benefit ratio and improve clinical outcomes.
Abstract: Objectives: These recommendations were designed to ensure safety for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to aid monitoring and management of adverse effects during treatment with approved antidepressant medications. The recommendations aim to inform prescribers about both the risks associated with these treatments and approaches for mitigating such risks.Methods: Expert contributors were sought internationally by contacting representatives of key stakeholder professional societies in the treatment of MDD (ASBDD, CANMAT, WFSBP and ISAD). The manuscript was drafted through iterative editing to ensure consensus.Results: Adequate risk assessment prior to commencing pharmacotherapy, and safety monitoring during pharmacotherapy are essential to mitigate adverse events, optimise the benefits of treatment, and detect and assess adverse events when they occur. Risk factors for pharmacotherapy vary with individual patient characteristics and medication regimens. Risk factors for each patient n...
TL;DR: Panic disorder with agoraphobia is associated with increased CRP, although the effect size of this association is small, which indicates that neuroinflammatory mechanisms may play a potential role in its pathophysiology.
Abstract: Objectives - Growing evidence indicates that inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about the involvement of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), in specific anxiety disorders This study examines the relation between anxiety disorders and CRP Methods - Associations of serum CRP with anxiety disorders were determined in a large population study (n = 54,326 participants, mean age = 47 years; 59% female), the LifeLines cohort Depressive and anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety phobia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and agoraphobia without panic disorder) were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Results - Anxiety disorders, with the exception of social anxiety disorder, were significantly associated with increased CRP After adjusting for demographics, life-style factors, health factors, medication use, depression, and psychological stressors, CRP remained significantly associated with panic disorder with agoraphobia (beta = 001, p = 0013) Moreover, CRP levels were significantly higher in people with panic disorder with agoraphobia compared to other anxiety disorders, independent of all covariates (F = 300, df = 4, p = 0021) Conclusions - Panic disorder with agoraphobia is associated with increased CRP, although the effect size of this association is small This indicates that neuroinflammatory mechanisms may play a potential role in its pathophysiology
TL;DR: While the OCD group performed in the normative range, these findings reveal relative weaknesses that may be overlooked, and may be of particular importance in clinical and school settings.
Abstract: Objectives: The small body of neuropsychological research in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yields inconsistent results. A recent meta-analysis found small effect sizes, concluding ...
TL;DR: Advances in the understanding of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes provide an important foundation for understanding ADs, and for conceptualizing their diagnosis, as well as issues of resilience.
Abstract: Objectives: This paper focuses on the psychobiology of stress, depression, adjustment disorders (ADs), and resilience Since the ADs fall under the rubric in DSM-5 of Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders, essentials of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes will be reviewedMethods: A narrative review of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes is undertaken, and the implications for our understanding of ADs are discussedResults: Advances in our understanding of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes provide an important foundation for understanding ADs, and for conceptualizing their diagnosis, as well as issues of resilienceConclusions: Future investigations of the psychobiology of trauma- and stressor-related disorders may shed additional light on ADs, and ultimately improve their treatment
TL;DR: The data suggest that macrophages/microglia are involved in the pathophysiology of major depression and that antidepressant efficacy by ECT might be partly explained by the modulation of the innate immune system within the brain.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: A bidirectional link between the antidepressant effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the modulation of the immune system has been proposed. To elucidate the interplay between antidepressant treatment and macrophage/microglia activation in humans, we performed a study on the effects of the antidepressant treatment by ECT on markers of macrophage/microglia activation in patients with depression.METHODS: We measured six different markers (IL-6, neopterin, sCD14, sCD163 MIF and MCP1) of macrophage/microglia activation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of 12 patients with a severe, treatment-resistant depressive episode before and after a course of ECT.RESULTS: Some markers in the CSF of remitters were reduced after the ECT course and differed from non-remitters, but no differences were found before and after ECT independently from the antidepressant efficacy. CSF baseline levels of some markers could predict the reduction of depressive psychopathology during ECT. Higher ...
TL;DR: In this network meta-analysis, lurasidone was found to be more efficacious than aripiprazole and ziprasidone, and was associated with less weight gain than quetiapine and olanzapine
Abstract: Objectives: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of lurasidone versus other atypical antipsychotic monotherapy agents in patients with bipolar depression, using a Bayesian network meta-analysis....
TL;DR: The gut microbiota and epigenetic mechanisms were considered as key regulators, revealing a potential new aetiology of schizophrenia and allowing for formulating new approaches objectively oriented towards the development of alternative psychotherapies that may help treat schizophrenia.
Abstract: Objectives: Schizophrenia is a poorly understood chronic disease. Its pathophysiology is complex, dynamic, and linked to epigenetic mechanisms and microbiota involvement. Nowadays, correlating schi...
TL;DR: The association of a polymorphism in the BDNF gene with inflammatory markers in addition to BDNF levels suggests an interaction between these systems.
Abstract: Objectives: Current evidence supports participation of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Some studies reported an association between the...
TL;DR: An overview of current psychotherapeutic approaches specific for adjustment disorders (ADs) is provided and future directions for theoretically-based treatments for this common mental disorder within a framework of stepped care are outlined.
Abstract: Objectives: This narrative review article provides an overview of current psychotherapeutic approaches specific for adjustment disorders (ADs) and outlines future directions for theoretically-based...
TL;DR: The shared AIC rsFC abnormalities in both BD and SZ support the importance of the AIC in the common pathophysiology of BD andSZ.
Abstract: Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) share structural abnormalities in the anterior insula cortex (AIC). The AIC appears to have a crucial role in emotional processing and regul...
TL;DR: Patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety appear to have shorter leukocyte telomeres compared to controls, and some studies establish a relationship between telomere machinery, stress and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders.
Abstract: Objectives: Psychiatric and substance-use disorders have been associated with premature biological ageing. Telomere length (TL), considered an ageing marker, has been analysed in psychiatric disord...
TL;DR: It is shown that olanzapine treatment can normalise or denormalise decreased homotopic connectivity in schizophrenia, providing a new perspective to understand treatment effects of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia that contribute to the disconnection hypothesis of this disease.
Abstract: Objectives: Deficits in homotopic connectivity have been implicated in schizophrenia. However, alterations in homotopic connectivity associated with antipsychotic treatments in schizophrenia remain...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a seed-based d mapping meta-analytic method to explore brain activation during facial emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia patients, and found abnormal activation of the mentalising network during reasoning about other people's mental states; patients with worse performances showed lesser activation in the rightinsula and superior temporal gyrus.
Abstract: Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties
processing the emotional and cognitive states of others.
Neuroimaging studies show inconsistent findings. Methods: We
used a Seed-based d Mapping meta-analytic method to explore
brain activation during facial emotion recognition and theory
of mind tasks in schizophrenia patients. Results: The patients
showed lesser recruitment of the facial emotion processing
network; behavioural performance was associated with the
activation of the precentral gyrus. We found abnormal
activation of the mentalising network in schizophrenia patients
during reasoning about other people's mental states; patients
with worse performances showed lesser activation in the right
insula and superior temporal gyrus. Multimodal meta-analysis
showed overlaps of brain-related abnormalities for both
modalities in schizophrenia, with reduced recruitment of the
right insula, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex
and increased activation in the bilateral parietal cortex.
Meta-regression results indicate that illness duration,
medication and symptomatology might influence social-cognitive
network disruptions in schizophrenia. Conclusions: These
findings suggest the complex impairment of social cognition, as
demonstrated by neural-related circuit disruptions during
facial emotion processing and theory of mind tasks in
schizophrenia.
TL;DR: It is suggested that ECT may (and sometimes should) be administered to severely ill, non-consenting patients against their will with good effectiveness and the patients’ retrospective appraisal justifies the administration of ECT in situations of severe mental illness and legal incapacity.
Abstract: Objectives: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective therapy for severe depressive and psychotic disorders. As patients may be subject to legal incapacity and lack of insight, treatment may be administered against the patient’s will. There is only limited evidence on the use of ECT against the patient’s non-autonomous will.Methods: We report a series of eight patients who received ECT against their will in two German university medical hospitals between 2014 and 2016. The effectiveness, tolerability and patients’ perspective are described.Results: Seven of eight patients were much or very much improved according to the Clinical Global Impression Scale. Capacity to consent was restored in seven patients. Transient side effects occurred in four patients. Seven patients agreed to receive further ECT in the treatment course.Conclusions: This case series suggests that ECT may (and sometimes should) be administered to severely ill, non-consenting patients against their will with good effect...
TL;DR: High-throughput DNA methylation derived from whole blood of females with anorexia nervosa was examined to confirm genes like TNXB previously described to comprise differentially methylated sites, and highlight further sites that might be specifically involved in AN starvation processes.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are ideally suited to identify differentially methylated genes in response to starvation. METHODS We examined high-throughput DNA methylation derived from whole blood of 47 females with AN, 47 lean females without AN and 100 population-based females to compare AN with both controls. To account for different cell type compositions, we applied two reference-free methods (FastLMM-EWASher, RefFreeEWAS) and searched for consensus CpG sites identified by both methods. We used a validation sample of five monozygotic AN-discordant twin pairs. RESULTS Fifty-one consensus sites were identified in AN vs. lean and 81 in AN vs. population-based comparisons. These sites have not been reported in AN methylation analyses, but for the latter comparison 54/81 sites showed directionally consistent differential methylation effects in the AN-discordant twins. For a single nucleotide polymorphism rs923768 in CSGALNACT1 a nearby site was nominally associated with AN. At the gene level, we confirmed hypermethylated sites at TNXB. We found support for a locus at NR1H3 in the AN vs. lean control comparison, but the methylation direction was opposite to the one previously reported. CONCLUSIONS We confirm genes like TNXB previously described to comprise differentially methylated sites, and highlight further sites that might be specifically involved in AN starvation processes.
TL;DR: Novel therapeutic strategies have been emerging following the recognition of neurosteroids as potent anxiolytics, including TSPO ligands such as etifoxine, which are emerging as promising candidates for anxiety relief.
Abstract: Objectives: Anxiety and adjustment disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions This review focuses on γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAAR)-mediated anxiolysis, describi
TL;DR: The current AD definitions are consistent with a new nosological grouping of AD with posttraumatic stress disorder in the chapter on trauma- and stressor-related disorders, or stress response syndromes, and opens new avenues for neurobiological and psychological research on AD.
Abstract: Objectives: Adjustment disorder (AD) is a frequent diagnosis in clinical practice worldwide. After long neglect in mental health research, the new DSM definition and in particular the ICD-11 model ...