Journal ArticleDOI
Band-structure, optical properties, and defect physics of the photovoltaic semiconductor SnS
Julien Vidal,Stephan Lany,Mayeul d'Avezac,Alex Zunger,Andriy Zakutayev,Jason Francis,Janet Tate +6 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors employ both theory and experiment to assess the PV relevant properties of SnS and clarify on whether SnS has an indirect or direct band gap and what is the minority carrier effective mass as a function of the film orientation.Abstract:
SnS is a potential earth-abundant photovoltaic (PV) material. Employing both theory and experiment to assess the PV relevant properties of SnS, we clarify on whether SnS has an indirect or direct band gap and what is the minority carrier effective mass as a function of the film orientation. SnS has a 1.07 eV indirect band gap with an effective absorption onset located 0.4 eV higher. The effective mass of minority carrier ranges from 0.5 m0 perpendicular to the van der Waals layers to 0.2 m0 into the van der Waals layers. The positive characteristics of SnS feature a desirable p-type carrier concentration due to the easy formation of acceptor-like intrinsic Sn vacancy defects. Potentially detrimental deep levels due to SnS antisite or S vacancy defects can be suppressed by suitable adjustment of the growth condition towards S-rich.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anomalies in the bulk and surface electronic properties in SnS: Effect of native defects
TL;DR: In this paper , the bulk and the surface electrical properties of SnS are analyzed and compared to other photovoltaic absorber materials, such as polysilicon and silicon dioxide.
Patent
Photovoltaic semiconductor materials based on alloys of tin sulfide, and methods of production
TL;DR: In this paper, photovoltaic thin-film materials comprising crystalline tin sulfide alloys of the general formula Sn 1-x (R) x S, where R is selected from magnesium, calcium and strontium, as well as methods of producing the same, are disclosed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation of SnS thin films with gear-like sheet appearance by close-spaced vacuum thermal evaporation
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of substrate temperature on the surface morphology, chemical composition, crystal structure and optical property of SnS thin films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrography.
Journal ArticleDOI
As-doped SnSe single crystals: Ambivalent doping and interaction with intrinsic defects
K. Cermak Sraitrova,J. Cizek,Vaclav Holy,Vaclav Holy,J. Kašparová,T. Plecháček,V. Kucek,Jiří Navrátil,Anna Krejčová,Cestmir Drasar +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed ambivalent doping study on single crystals of two sets, SnSe1-xAsx and SnSe2, with the aim to explore the interaction of doping species with intrinsic defects, and found that As atoms substitute preferentially for Se atoms in both sets forming the extrinsic substitutional point defect As-Se.
References
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From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method
Georg Kresse,Daniel P. Joubert +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the formal relationship between US Vanderbilt-type pseudopotentials and Blochl's projector augmented wave (PAW) method is derived and the Hamilton operator, the forces, and the stress tensor are derived for this modified PAW functional.
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Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p‐n Junction Solar Cells
TL;DR: In this article, an upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p−n junction solar energy converters, called the detailed balance limit of efficiency, has been calculated for an ideal case in which the only recombination mechanism of holeelectron pairs is radiative as required by the principle of detailed balance.
Journal ArticleDOI
19·9%‐efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe2 solar cell with 81·2% fill factor
Ingrid Repins,Miguel A. Contreras,Brian Egaas,Clay DeHart,John Scharf,Craig L. Perkins,Bobby To,Rommel Noufi +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported a new record total area efficiency of 19·9% for thin-film solar cells using three-stage co-evaporation with a modified surface termination.
Journal ArticleDOI
High‐Efficiency Solar Cell with Earth‐Abundant Liquid‐Processed Absorber
TL;DR: A non-vacuum, slurry-based coating method that combines advantages of both solution processing and particlebased deposition is shown, enabling fabrication of Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 devices with over 9.6% efficiency—a factor of five performance improvement relative to previous attempts to use highthroughput ink-based approaches and >40% higher than previous record devices prepared using vacuum-based methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Materials availability expands the opportunity for large-scale photovoltaics deployment.
TL;DR: A roadmap emphasizing low-cost alternatives that could become a dominant new approach for photovoltaics research and deployment is developed and it is found that devices performing below 10% power conversion efficiencies deliver the same lifetime energy output as those above 20% when a 3/4 material reduction is achieved.