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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist’s guide to reactive oxygen species

Carl Nathan, +1 more
- 01 May 2013 - 
- Vol. 13, Iss: 5, pp 349-361
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TLDR
ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges the authors must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react preferentially with certain atoms to modulate functions ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. Molecular actions include both inhibition and activation of proteins, mutagenesis of DNA and activation of gene transcription. Cellular actions include promotion or suppression of inflammation, immunity and carcinogenesis. ROS help the host to compete against microorganisms and are also involved in intermicrobial competition. ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges we must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.

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Protective Role of the Immune System in Spinal Cord Injury: Immunomodulation with Altered Peptide Ligands

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TL;DR: In this article , a combination antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment after spinal cord injury (SCI) was designed as a combination antiviral and anti inflammatory treatment after SCI, where nanozymes effectively catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) to generate O2, which is advantageous for reducing oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Biological defense mechanisms. The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent.

TL;DR: O(2) (-) is made by leukocytes under circumstances which suggest that it may be involved in bacterial killing, and is identified as the agent responsible for the leukocyte-mediated reduction of cytochrome c.
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