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Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist’s guide to reactive oxygen species

Carl Nathan, +1 more
- 01 May 2013 - 
- Vol. 13, Iss: 5, pp 349-361
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TLDR
ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges the authors must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react preferentially with certain atoms to modulate functions ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. Molecular actions include both inhibition and activation of proteins, mutagenesis of DNA and activation of gene transcription. Cellular actions include promotion or suppression of inflammation, immunity and carcinogenesis. ROS help the host to compete against microorganisms and are also involved in intermicrobial competition. ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges we must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents.

TL;DR: This work focuses on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as ‘oxidative eustress’.
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Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine.

TL;DR: “Oxidative stress” as a concept in redox biology and medicine has been formulated in 1985; at the beginning of 2015, approx.
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Delivery technologies for cancer immunotherapy

TL;DR: How recent developments in drug delivery could enable new cancer immunotherapies and improve on existing ones are discussed, and the current delivery obstacles are examined.
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Based Nanomedicine.

TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic biochemical properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) underlie the mechanisms that regulate various physiological functions of living organisms, and they play an essential role in regulating various physiological function.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress.

TL;DR: The present overview focuses on recent progress on metabolic sources and sinks of H 2O2 and on the role of H2O2 in redox signaling under physiological conditions, denoted as oxidative eustress.
References
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Cysteine Redox Sensor in PKGIa Enables Oxidant-Induced Activation

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Journal ArticleDOI

Killing by Bactericidal Antibiotics Does Not Depend on Reactive Oxygen Species

TL;DR: There was essentially no difference in survival of bacteria treated with various antibiotics under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, suggesting that ROS do not play a role in killing of bacterial pathogens by antibiotics.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cells have distinct mechanisms to maintain protection against different reactive oxygen species: Oxidative-stress-response genes

TL;DR: The complete set of viable deletion strains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was screened for sensitivity of mutants to five oxidants to identify cell functions involved in resistance to oxidative stress, highlighting the specificity of cellular responses to different oxidants.
Journal ArticleDOI

Discrete Generation of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide by T Cell Receptor Stimulation: Selective Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Fas Ligand Expression

TL;DR: The data suggest the novel observation that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are produced separately by distinct TCR-stimulated pathways, and antigen receptor signaling induces generation of discrete species of oxidants that selectively regulate two distinct redox sensitive pathways, a proapoptotic (FasL) and a proliferation pathway (ERK).
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