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Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist’s guide to reactive oxygen species

Carl Nathan, +1 more
- 01 May 2013 - 
- Vol. 13, Iss: 5, pp 349-361
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TLDR
ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges the authors must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react preferentially with certain atoms to modulate functions ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. Molecular actions include both inhibition and activation of proteins, mutagenesis of DNA and activation of gene transcription. Cellular actions include promotion or suppression of inflammation, immunity and carcinogenesis. ROS help the host to compete against microorganisms and are also involved in intermicrobial competition. ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges we must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Interactions between sublethal doses of thiamethoxam and Nosema ceranae in the honey bee, Apis mellifera†

TL;DR: A clear combined effect of thiamethoxam and Nosema is shown, but mainly in worker mortality and very little effect on gene expression is shown in honey bee survival and expression changes of immune and detoxification genes.
Dissertation

Porphyrinic-nanoplatforms: controlled intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in human mesenchymal stem cells

TL;DR: The developed porphyrinic nanoplatforms have the potential to be applied as a tool to investigate the cellular mechanisms and metabolism associated with different levels of oxidative stress and could also represent an innovative platform for theranostic applications (drug delivery/diagnostic).
Journal ArticleDOI

A sensor at the lipid-protein interface: Lipid peroxidation controls hepatitis C virus replication

TL;DR: It is shown that multiple hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes are exquisitely sensitive to oxidative membrane damage, a property distinguishing them from other pathogenic RNA viruses, and the typical, wild-type HCV replicase is uniquely regulated by lipid peroxidation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Expression Regulation, Protein Chemistry and Functional Biology of the Guanine-Rich Sequence Binding Factor 1 (GRSF1)

TL;DR: In eukaryotic cells RNA-binding proteins have been implicated in virtually all post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation, based on the structural features of their RNA binding domains as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Distinct responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exposed to different levels of polystyrene nanoplastics.

TL;DR: In this article , multiple responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (PAO1) to different levels of polystyrene nanoplastics exposure were investigated by physiological experiments, live/dead staining, redox status, and genome-wide RNA sequencing.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Superoxide Dismutase AN ENZYMIC FUNCTION FOR ERYTHROCUPREIN (HEMOCUPREIN)

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Journal ArticleDOI

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system.

TL;DR: The origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach?

TL;DR: It is argued that modulating the unique redox regulatory mechanisms of cancer cells might be an effective strategy to eliminate these cells.
Journal ArticleDOI

A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation

TL;DR: It is shown that mitophagy/autophagy blockade leads to the accumulation of damaged, ROS-generating mitochondria, and this in turn activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, and may explain the frequent association of mitochondrial damage with inflammatory diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biological defense mechanisms. The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent.

TL;DR: O(2) (-) is made by leukocytes under circumstances which suggest that it may be involved in bacterial killing, and is identified as the agent responsible for the leukocyte-mediated reduction of cytochrome c.
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