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Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist’s guide to reactive oxygen species

Carl Nathan, +1 more
- 01 May 2013 - 
- Vol. 13, Iss: 5, pp 349-361
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TLDR
ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges the authors must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react preferentially with certain atoms to modulate functions ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. Molecular actions include both inhibition and activation of proteins, mutagenesis of DNA and activation of gene transcription. Cellular actions include promotion or suppression of inflammation, immunity and carcinogenesis. ROS help the host to compete against microorganisms and are also involved in intermicrobial competition. ROS chemistry and their pleiotropy make them difficult to localize, to quantify and to manipulate — challenges we must overcome to translate ROS biology into medical advances.

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Tea polyphenols protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in vitro.

TL;DR: Results indicate that TP has beneficial effects on BMEC redox balance; it can reduce cellular oxidative stress-related injury and may potentially serve as an antioxidant against oxidative stress in dairy cows.
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Xenobiotic biotransformation, oxidative stress and obesogenic molecular biomarker responses in Tilapia guineensis from Eleyele Lake, Nigeria

TL;DR: The high CF observed, coupled with the high muscle burden of inorganic and organic contaminants in fish from Eleyele lake, suggest a potential obesogenic effect in these fishes, and suggest potential health risks for humans.
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Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Novel ZnMn2O4-Chitosan Nanocomposites.

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Ultrasound controlled mechanophore activation in hydrogels for cancer therapy

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References
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Superoxide Dismutase AN ENZYMIC FUNCTION FOR ERYTHROCUPREIN (HEMOCUPREIN)

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TL;DR: The origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit are discussed.
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Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: a radical therapeutic approach?

TL;DR: It is argued that modulating the unique redox regulatory mechanisms of cancer cells might be an effective strategy to eliminate these cells.
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A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation

TL;DR: It is shown that mitophagy/autophagy blockade leads to the accumulation of damaged, ROS-generating mitochondria, and this in turn activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, and may explain the frequent association of mitochondrial damage with inflammatory diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biological defense mechanisms. The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent.

TL;DR: O(2) (-) is made by leukocytes under circumstances which suggest that it may be involved in bacterial killing, and is identified as the agent responsible for the leukocyte-mediated reduction of cytochrome c.
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