Journal ArticleDOI
Brain Connectivity: Gender Makes a Difference
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TLDR
The literature provides convergent evidence for a substantial gender difference in brain connectivity within the human brain that possibly underlies gender-related cognitive differences and should be mandatory to take gender into account when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity/network in health and disease.Abstract:
It has been well known that gender plays a critical role in the anatomy and function of the human brain, as well as human behaviors. Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated gender effects on not only focal brain areas but also the connectivity between areas. Specifically, structural MRI and diffusion MRI data have revealed substantial gender differences in white matter-based anatomical connectivity. Structural MRI data further demonstrated gender differences in the connectivity revealed by morphometric correlation among brain areas. Functional connectivity derived from functional neuroimaging (e.g., functional MRI and PET) data is also modulated by gender. Moreover, male and female human brains display differences in the network topology that represents the organizational patterns of brain connectivity across the entire brain. In this review, the authors summarize recent findings in the multimodal brain connectivity/network research with gender, focusing on large-scale data sets derived from modern neuroimaging techniques. The literature provides convergent evidence for a substantial gender difference in brain connectivity within the human brain that possibly underlies gender-related cognitive differences. Therefore, it should be mandatory to take gender into account when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity/network in health and disease. Future studies will likely be conducted to explore the interdependence between gender-related brain connectivity/network and the gender-specific nature of brain diseases as well as to investigate gender-related characteristics of multimodal brain connectivity/network in the normal brain.read more
Citations
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Graph analysis of the human connectome: promise, progress, and pitfalls.
TL;DR: The notion that brain connectivity can be abstracted to a graph of nodes, representing neural elements linked by edges, representing some measure of structural, functional or causal interaction between nodes, brings connectomic data into the realm of graph theory.
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Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancy–value perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields
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Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead☆
Joan Meyers-Levy,Barbara Loken +1 more
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Networks of anatomical covariance.
TL;DR: This review describes the basic methodological strategies, the biological basis of the observed covariance as well as applications in normal brain and brain disease before a final review of future prospects for the technique.
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Linked Sex Differences in Cognition and Functional Connectivity in Youth
Theodore D. Satterthwaite,Daniel H. Wolf,David R. Roalf,Kosha Ruparel,Guray Erus,Simon N. Vandekar,Efstathios D. Gennatas,Mark A. Elliott,Alex R. Smith,Hakon Hakonarson,Ragini Verma,Christos Davatzikos,Raquel E. Gur,Ruben C. Gur +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that sex differences in patterns of cognition are in part represented on a neural level through divergent patterns of brain connectivity through rsfc-MRI.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy.
TL;DR: Two- and three-dimensional white matter atlases were created on the basis of high-spatial-resolution diffusion tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 3D tract reconstruction and showed which anatomic structures can be identified on diffusion Tensor images and where these anatomic units are located at each section level and orientation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Network structure of cerebral cortex shapes functional connectivity on multiple time scales.
TL;DR: Simulating nonlinear neuronal dynamics on a network that captures the large-scale interregional connections of macaque neocortex, and applying information theoretic measures to identify functional networks, this work finds structure–function relations at multiple temporal scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI
TL;DR: An introduction to the key physical concepts that underlie dMRI is provided, and its potential applications in the neurosciences and associated clinical fields are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why sex matters for neuroscience
TL;DR: The striking quantity and diversity of sex-related influences on brain function indicate that the still widespread assumption that sex influences are negligible cannot be justified, and probably retards progress in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fiber composition of the human corpus callosum.
TL;DR: Across subjects, the overall density of callosal fibers had no significant correlation withcallosal area and an increased callosal area indicated an increased total number of fibers crossing through, and this was only true for small diameter fibers, whose large majority is believed to interconnect association cortex.
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