Journal ArticleDOI
Brain Connectivity: Gender Makes a Difference
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TLDR
The literature provides convergent evidence for a substantial gender difference in brain connectivity within the human brain that possibly underlies gender-related cognitive differences and should be mandatory to take gender into account when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity/network in health and disease.Abstract:
It has been well known that gender plays a critical role in the anatomy and function of the human brain, as well as human behaviors. Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated gender effects on not only focal brain areas but also the connectivity between areas. Specifically, structural MRI and diffusion MRI data have revealed substantial gender differences in white matter-based anatomical connectivity. Structural MRI data further demonstrated gender differences in the connectivity revealed by morphometric correlation among brain areas. Functional connectivity derived from functional neuroimaging (e.g., functional MRI and PET) data is also modulated by gender. Moreover, male and female human brains display differences in the network topology that represents the organizational patterns of brain connectivity across the entire brain. In this review, the authors summarize recent findings in the multimodal brain connectivity/network research with gender, focusing on large-scale data sets derived from modern neuroimaging techniques. The literature provides convergent evidence for a substantial gender difference in brain connectivity within the human brain that possibly underlies gender-related cognitive differences. Therefore, it should be mandatory to take gender into account when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity/network in health and disease. Future studies will likely be conducted to explore the interdependence between gender-related brain connectivity/network and the gender-specific nature of brain diseases as well as to investigate gender-related characteristics of multimodal brain connectivity/network in the normal brain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Graph analysis of the human connectome: promise, progress, and pitfalls.
TL;DR: The notion that brain connectivity can be abstracted to a graph of nodes, representing neural elements linked by edges, representing some measure of structural, functional or causal interaction between nodes, brings connectomic data into the realm of graph theory.
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Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancy–value perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields
Ming-Te Wang,Jessica L. Degol +1 more
TL;DR: A literature review of the current knowledge surrounding individual and gender differences in STEM educational and career choices, using expectancy-value theory as a guiding framework to provide both a well-defined theoretical framework and complementary empirical evidence for linking specific sociocultural, contextual, biological, and psychological factors.
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Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead☆
Joan Meyers-Levy,Barbara Loken +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe four major theories of gender differences (socio-cultural, evolutionary, hormone brain, and selectivity hypothesis) and assess relevant research from 2000 to 2013 in marketing, psychology, and biomedicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Networks of anatomical covariance.
TL;DR: This review describes the basic methodological strategies, the biological basis of the observed covariance as well as applications in normal brain and brain disease before a final review of future prospects for the technique.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linked Sex Differences in Cognition and Functional Connectivity in Youth
Theodore D. Satterthwaite,Daniel H. Wolf,David R. Roalf,Kosha Ruparel,Guray Erus,Simon N. Vandekar,Efstathios D. Gennatas,Mark A. Elliott,Alex R. Smith,Hakon Hakonarson,Ragini Verma,Christos Davatzikos,Raquel E. Gur,Ruben C. Gur +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that sex differences in patterns of cognition are in part represented on a neural level through divergent patterns of brain connectivity through rsfc-MRI.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Age- and Gender-Related Differences in the Cortical Anatomical Network
TL;DR: In this study, age and sex effects on the anatomical connectivity patterns of 95 normal subjects ranging in age from 19 to 85 years are investigated and the cerebral cortex is characterized as a weighted network of connected regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex
TL;DR: The study establishes that the density of different cortical regions is coordinated within an individual and is likely to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors and may be the basis for differences in individual behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping anatomical correlations across cerebral cortex (MACACC) using cortical thickness from MRI.
Jason P. Lerch,Keith J. Worsley,W. Philip Shaw,Deanna Greenstein,Rhoshel K. Lenroot,Jay N. Giedd,Alan C. Evans +6 more
TL;DR: The MACACC-Mapping Anatomical Correlations Across Cerebral Cortex methods are introduced and applied to a normal childhood development population, and show that association cortices have the highest correlation strengths.
Journal ArticleDOI
White Matter Development in Adolescence: A DTI Study
TL;DR: Findings suggest that white matter connectivity supporting executive control of behavior is still immature in adolescence, as females showed earlier maturation of white matter integrity compared with males.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current concepts in neuroanatomical tracing
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to consider some of the key methods of neuroanatomical tracing that are currently in use and have proved invaluable in charting the complex interconnections of the central nervous system.
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