Journal ArticleDOI
Brain Connectivity: Gender Makes a Difference
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TLDR
The literature provides convergent evidence for a substantial gender difference in brain connectivity within the human brain that possibly underlies gender-related cognitive differences and should be mandatory to take gender into account when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity/network in health and disease.Abstract:
It has been well known that gender plays a critical role in the anatomy and function of the human brain, as well as human behaviors. Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated gender effects on not only focal brain areas but also the connectivity between areas. Specifically, structural MRI and diffusion MRI data have revealed substantial gender differences in white matter-based anatomical connectivity. Structural MRI data further demonstrated gender differences in the connectivity revealed by morphometric correlation among brain areas. Functional connectivity derived from functional neuroimaging (e.g., functional MRI and PET) data is also modulated by gender. Moreover, male and female human brains display differences in the network topology that represents the organizational patterns of brain connectivity across the entire brain. In this review, the authors summarize recent findings in the multimodal brain connectivity/network research with gender, focusing on large-scale data sets derived from modern neuroimaging techniques. The literature provides convergent evidence for a substantial gender difference in brain connectivity within the human brain that possibly underlies gender-related cognitive differences. Therefore, it should be mandatory to take gender into account when designing experiments or interpreting results of brain connectivity/network in health and disease. Future studies will likely be conducted to explore the interdependence between gender-related brain connectivity/network and the gender-specific nature of brain diseases as well as to investigate gender-related characteristics of multimodal brain connectivity/network in the normal brain.read more
Citations
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Graph analysis of the human connectome: promise, progress, and pitfalls.
TL;DR: The notion that brain connectivity can be abstracted to a graph of nodes, representing neural elements linked by edges, representing some measure of structural, functional or causal interaction between nodes, brings connectomic data into the realm of graph theory.
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Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancy–value perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields
Ming-Te Wang,Jessica L. Degol +1 more
TL;DR: A literature review of the current knowledge surrounding individual and gender differences in STEM educational and career choices, using expectancy-value theory as a guiding framework to provide both a well-defined theoretical framework and complementary empirical evidence for linking specific sociocultural, contextual, biological, and psychological factors.
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Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead☆
Joan Meyers-Levy,Barbara Loken +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe four major theories of gender differences (socio-cultural, evolutionary, hormone brain, and selectivity hypothesis) and assess relevant research from 2000 to 2013 in marketing, psychology, and biomedicine.
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Networks of anatomical covariance.
TL;DR: This review describes the basic methodological strategies, the biological basis of the observed covariance as well as applications in normal brain and brain disease before a final review of future prospects for the technique.
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Linked Sex Differences in Cognition and Functional Connectivity in Youth
Theodore D. Satterthwaite,Daniel H. Wolf,David R. Roalf,Kosha Ruparel,Guray Erus,Simon N. Vandekar,Efstathios D. Gennatas,Mark A. Elliott,Alex R. Smith,Hakon Hakonarson,Ragini Verma,Christos Davatzikos,Raquel E. Gur,Ruben C. Gur +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that sex differences in patterns of cognition are in part represented on a neural level through divergent patterns of brain connectivity through rsfc-MRI.
References
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Diffusion tensor quantification of the human midsagittal corpus callosum subdivisions across the lifespan
Khader M. Hasan,Arash Kamali,Larry A. Kramer,Andrew C. Papnicolaou,Jack M. Fletcher,Linda Ewing-Cobbs +5 more
TL;DR: The utility of a recently described semi-automated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tissue segmentation method is extended to utilize the high orientation contrast of the CC on DTI to clarify its contribution to behavior and cognition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender consistency and difference in healthy adults revealed by cortical thickness.
Bin Lv,Jing Li,Huiguang He,Meng Li,Mingchang Zhao,Likun Ai,Fei Yan,Junfang Xian,Zhenchang Wang +8 more
TL;DR: The results showed that the significant gender-related differences of cortical thickness appeared extensively in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes and there were also some between-group differences in the interregional correlation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in the causes and consequences of white matter hyperintensities
TL;DR: WMHs are more common in women, with somewhat different putative causes and consequences than men, but >80% of the variance in their causation remains unexplained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Could sex differences in white matter be explained by g ratio
Tomáš Paus,Roberto Toro +1 more
TL;DR: It is estimated that fibres with a diameter larger than 9.6 μm will have a relatively thinner myelin sheath, and brains with increasingly larger proportions of such large-diameter fibres will have progressively lower concentration of myelin.
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Sex-linked white matter microstructure of the social and analytic brain
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