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CD39 and CD73 in immunity and inflammation

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TLDR
The enzymatic activities of CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating the duration, magnitude, and chemical nature of purinergic signals delivered to immune cells through the conversion of ADP/ATP to AMP and AMP to adenosine, suggesting these ectoenzymes are novel therapeutic targets for managing a variety of disorders.
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This article is published in Trends in Molecular Medicine.The article was published on 2013-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 858 citations till now.

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Regulation of immune responses by ATP-hydrolyzing ecto-enzymes

TL;DR: ATP-hydrolyzing ecto-enzymes modulate the immune response through ATP hydrolysis through inhibition of E-NTPD and E-NPP protein families.
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Immunosuppression impaired the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in non-dialysis kidney disease patients

TL;DR: Wu et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a pilot, prospective study to survey the safety and humoral response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with chronic kidney disease, on dialysis or after kidney transplant.
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Response after Three Doses in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy Compared to Seronegative Controls (CTN 328 COVAXHIV Study)

TL;DR: In this article , the authors assessed T-cell immunogenicity following three SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in people living with HIV versus uninfected controls, and found that two doses of SARS CoV2 vaccine induced a robust Tcell immune response in PLWH, which was maintained after the 3rd dose.
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Resolution Potential of Necrotic Cell Death Pathways

TL;DR: In this paper , the relationship between necrotic cell death and resolution was summarized and the current available data regarding the involvement of certain forms of regulated necrosis cell death in necroresolution was presented.
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Downregulation of CD73 on CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chikungunya infection.

TL;DR: The ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73, also expressed by CD4 T lymphocytes, are involved in the hydrolysis of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP and generation of immunosuppressive adenosine and seem to be modulated in some arthritogenic pathologies as mentioned in this paper .
References
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Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation.

TL;DR: A WHO Consultation has taken place in parallel with a report by an American Diabetes Association Expert Committee to re‐examine diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes mellitus and is hoped that the new classification will allow better classification of individuals and lead to fewer therapeutic misjudgements.
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How regulatory T cells work.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that effector T cells may not be 'innocent' parties in this suppressive process and might in fact potentiate TReg-cell function is proposed.
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Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression

TL;DR: It is concluded that CD39 and CD73 are surface markers of T reg cells that impart a specific biochemical signature characterized by adenosine generation that has functional relevance for cellular immunoregulation.
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Expression of ectonucleotidase CD39 by Foxp3+ Treg cells: hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and immune suppression

TL;DR: In humans CD39 is a marker of a Treg subset likely involved in the control of the inflammatory autoimmune disease and Notably, patients with the remitting/relapsing form of multiple sclerosis have strikingly reduced numbers of CD39(+) Treg cells in the blood.
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International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and Classification of Adenosine Receptors—An Update

TL;DR: In the 10 years since the previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors, no developments have led to major changes in the recommendations, but there have been so many other developments that an update is needed.
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