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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia in head-and-neck cancer patients: successes and barriers

TLDR
This review addresses the pathophysiology underlying irradiation damage to salivary gland tissue, the consequences of radiation injury, and issues contributing to the clinical management of salivARY gland hypofunction and xerostomia.
Abstract
The most significant long-term complication of radiotherapy in the head-and-neck region is hyposalivation and its related complaints, particularily xerostomia. This review addresses the pathophysiology underlying irradiation damage to salivary gland tissue, the consequences of radiation injury, and issues contributing to the clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. These include ways to (1) prevent or minimize radiation injury of salivary gland tissue, (2) manage radiation-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia, and (3) restore the function of salivary gland tissue damaged by radiotherapy.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Vitamin E protects salivary glands dysfunction induced by ionizing radiation in rats.

TL;DR: Vitamin E is a promising radioprotective agent for patients who receive radiation in head and neck cancer therapy, indicating protective effects of vitamin E against salivary gland dysfunction induced by gamma radiation.
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Current and Future Perspectives of the Use of Organoids in Radiobiology.

TL;DR: How organoids, three-dimensional tissue-resembling structures derived from tissue-resident, embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, overcome the limitations of these models and thus have a growing importance in the field of radiation biology research are discussed.
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Persistent disruption of lateral junctional complexes and actin cytoskeleton in parotid salivary glands following radiation treatment

TL;DR: It is illustrated that radiation induces a ROCK-dependent disruption of the cadherin-catenin complex and alters F-actin organization at stages of damage when hyposalivation is observed.
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Cell culture of differentiated human salivary epithelial cells in a serum-free and scalable suspension system: The salivary functional units model.

TL;DR: A serum‐free scalable suspension culture system that grows partially digested human salivary tissue filtrates composing of acinar and ductal cells attached to their native extracellular matrix components while retaining their 3D in vivo spatial organization is devised; it is found that the cells could still survive and grow into largerSalivary spheroids through cell proliferation and aggregation for 5 to 10 days within the oxygen diffusion rates in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI

Three‐dimensional organotypic culture of human salivary glands: the slice culture model

TL;DR: The human salivary 3D organotypic slice culture model kept cells alive ex vivo for 14 days as well as maintaining their 3D morphology and physiological functions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Dose, volume, and function relationships in parotid salivary glands following conformal and intensity-modulated irradiation of head and neck cancer

TL;DR: Dose/volume/function relationships in the parotid glands are characterized by dose and volume thresholds, steep dose/response relationships when the thresholds are reached, and a maximal volume dependence parameter in the NTCP model.
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Isolation of the cDNA for erythrocyte integral membrane protein of 28 kilodaltons: member of an ancient channel family.

TL;DR: Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that CHIP28 protein contains six bilayer-spanning domains, two exofacial potential N-glycosylation sites, and intracellular N and C termini.
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Oral Sequelae of Head and Neck Radiotherapy

TL;DR: In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.
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Phase III Randomized Trial of Amifostine as a Radioprotector in Head and Neck Cancer

TL;DR: With and without amifostine, 2-year local-regional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 58% versus 63, 53% versus 57%, and 71% versus 66%, respectively, while Antitumor treatment efficacy was preserved.
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Xerostomia and its predictors following parotid-sparing irradiation of head-and-neck cancer

TL;DR: An improvement over time in xerostomia, occurring in tandem with rising salivary production from the spared major Salivary glands, suggests a long-term clinical benefit from their sparing.
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