Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope.
Donald E. Brownlee,Peter Tsou,Jérôme Aléon,Conel M. O'd. Alexander,Tohru Araki,Saša Bajt,G. A. Baratta,Ron K. Bastien,Phil Bland,Phil Bland,Pierre Bleuet,Janet Borg,John P. Bradley,Adrian J. Brearley,Frank E. Brenker,Sean Brennan,John Bridges,Nigel D. Browning,Nigel D. Browning,John Robert Brucato,Emma S. Bullock,Mark J. Burchell,Henner Busemann,Anna L. Butterworth,Marc Chaussidon,Allan Cheuvront,Miaofang Chi,Mark J. Cintala,Benton C. Clark,Simon J. Clemett,George D. Cody,Luigi Colangeli,George Cooper,Patrick Cordier,Charles P. Daghlian,Zu Rong Dai,Louis Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt,Zahia Djouadi,Gerardo Dominguez,Tom Duxbury,Jason P. Dworkin,Denton S. Ebel,Thanasis E. Economou,Sirine C. Fakra,Sam A. J. Fairey,Stewart Fallon,G. Ferrini,T. Ferroir,Holger Fleckenstein,Christine Floss,George J. Flynn,Ian A. Franchi,Marc Fries,Zack Gainsforth,J-P Gallien,M. J. Genge,Mary K. Gilles,Philipe Gillet,Jamie Gilmour,Daniel P. Glavin,Matthieu Gounelle,Monica M. Grady,Giles A. Graham,Patrick G. Grant,Simon F. Green,F. Grossemy,Lawrence Grossman,Jeffrey N. Grossman,Yunbin Guan,Kenji Hagiya,Ralph P. Harvey,Philipp R. Heck,Gregory F. Herzog,Peter Hoppe,Friedrich Hörz,Joachim Huth,Ian D. Hutcheon,Konstantin Ignatyev,Hope A. Ishii,Motoo Ito,Damien Jacob,Chris Jacobsen,Stein B. Jacobsen,Steven Jones,David J. Joswiak,A. J. G. Jurewicz,Anton T. Kearsley,Lindsay P. Keller,H Khodja,A. L. David Kilcoyne,Jochen Kissel,Alexander N. Krot,Falko Langenhorst,Antonio Lanzirotti,Loan Le,Laurie A. Leshin,Jan Leitner,Laurence Lemelle,Hugues Leroux,Ming-Chang Liu,K. Luening,Ian C. Lyon,G. J. MacPherson,Matthew A. Marcus,Kuljeet K. Marhas,Bernard Marty,Graciela Matrajt,Kevin D. McKeegan,Anders Meibom,Vito Mennella,Keiko Messenger,Scott Messenger,Takashi Mikouchi,Smail Mostefaoui,Tomoki Nakamura,T Nakano,Matthew Newville,Larry R. Nittler,Ichiro Ohnishi,Kazumasa Ohsumi,Kyoko Okudaira,D. A. Papanastassiou,Russ Palma,Russ Palma,Maria Elisabetta Palumbo,Robert O. Pepin,David Perkins,Murielle C. Perronnet,Piero Pianetta,William Rao,Frans J. M. Rietmeijer,François Robert,Detlef Rost,Alessandra Rotundi,R. E. Ryan,Scott A. Sandford,Craig S. Schwandt,Thomas H. See,D. J. Schlutter,J. Sheffield-Parker,Alexandre Simionovici,Steven B. Simon,I Sitnitsky,Christopher J. Snead,Maegan K. Spencer,Frank J. Stadermann,Andrew Steele,Thomas Stephan,Rhonda M. Stroud,Jean Susini,Stephen R. Sutton,Y Suzuki,Mitra L. Taheri,Susan Taylor,Nick Teslich,Kazu Tomeoka,Naotaka Tomioka,Alice Toppani,Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez,David Troadec,Akira Tsuchiyama,Anthony J. Tuzzolino,Tolek Tyliszczak,Kentaro Uesugi,Michael A. Velbel,Joe Vellenga,Edward P. Vicenzi,Laszlo Vincze,J. Warren,Iris Weber,M. K. Weisberg,Andrew J. Westphal,Sue Wirick,Diane H. Wooden,Brigitte Wopenka,Penelope J. Wozniakiewicz,Ian Wright,Hikaru Yabuta,Hajime Yano,Edward D. Young,Richard N. Zare,Thomas J. Zega,Karen Ziegler,Laurent Zimmerman,Ernst Zinner,Michael E. Zolensky +185 more
TLDR
The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study, and preliminary examination shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin.Abstract:
The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A low mass for Mars from Jupiter's early gas―driven migration
Kevin J. Walsh,Alessandro Morbidelli,Sean N. Raymond,Sean N. Raymond,David P. O'Brien,Avi Mandell +5 more
TL;DR: Simulation of the early Solar System shows how the inward migration of Jupiter to 1.5 au, and its subsequent outward migration, lead to a planetesimal disk truncated at 1’au; the terrestrial planets then form from this disk over the next 30–50 million years, with an Earth/Mars mass ratio consistent with observations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Growth Mechanisms of Macroscopic Bodies in Protoplanetary Disks
Jürgen Blum,Gerhard Wurm +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review examines the experimental achievements and puts them into the context of the dust processes in protoplanetary disks, concluding that the formation of planetesimals starts with the growth of fractal dust aggregates, followed by compaction processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk
James N. Connelly,Martin Bizzarro,Alexander N. Krot,Åke Nordlund,Daniel Wielandt,Marina A. Ivanova +5 more
TL;DR: U-corrected Pb-Pb dating from primitive meteorites indicates that chondrule formation started contemporaneously with CAIs and lasted ~3 million years, suggesting that the formation ofCAIs and chondrules reflects a process intrinsically linked to the secular evolution of accretionary disks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/wild 2 nucleus samples
Michael E. Zolensky,Thomas J. Zega,Hajime Yano,Sue Wirick,Andrew J. Westphal,M. K. Weisberg,Iris Weber,J. Warren,Michael A. Velbel,Akira Tsuchiyama,Peter Tsou,Alice Toppani,Naotaka Tomioka,Kazushige Tomeoka,Nick Teslich,Mitra L. Taheri,Jean Susini,Rhonda M. Stroud,Thomas Stephan,Frank J. Stadermann,Christopher J. Snead,Steven B. Simon,Alexandre Simionovici,Thomas H. See,François Robert,Frans J. M. Rietmeijer,William Rao,Murielle C. Perronnet,D. A. Papanastassiou,Kyoko Okudaira,Kazumasa Ohsumi,Ichiro Ohnishi,Keiko Nakamura-Messenger,Tomoki Nakamura,Smail Mostefaoui,Takashi Mikouchi,Anders Meibom,Graciela Matrajt,Matthew A. Marcus,Hugues Leroux,Laurence Lemelle,Loan Le,Antonio Lanzirotti,Falko Langenhorst,Alexander N. Krot,Lindsay P. Keller,Anton T. Kearsley,David J. Joswiak,Damien Jacob,Hope A. Ishii,Ralph P. Harvey,Kenji Hagiya,Lawrence Grossman,Jeffrey N. Grossman,Giles A. Graham,Matthieu Gounelle,Philippe Gillet,Matthew J. Genge,George J. Flynn,T. Ferroir,Stewart Fallon,Denton S. Ebel,Zu Rong Dai,Patrick Cordier,Benton C. Clark,Miaofang Chi,Anna L. Butterworth,Donald E. Brownlee,John Bridges,Sean Brennan,Adrian J. Brearley,John P. Bradley,Pierre Bleuet,Phil Bland,Phil Bland,Ron K. Bastien +75 more
TL;DR: The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides,Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organics captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft.
Scott A. Sandford,Jérôme Aléon,Conel M. O'd. Alexander,Tohru Araki,Sašaǎ Bajt,G. A. Baratta,Janet Borg,John P. Bradley,Donald E. Brownlee,John Robert Brucato,Mark J. Burchell,Henner Busemann,Anna L. Butterworth,Simon J. Clemett,George D. Cody,Luigi Colangeli,George Cooper,Louis Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt,Zahia Djouadi,Jason P. Dworkin,G. Ferrini,Holger Fleckenstein,George J. Flynn,Ian A. Franchi,Marc Fries,Mary K. Gilles,Daniel P. Glavin,Matthieu Gounelle,F. Grossemy,Chris Jacobsen,Lindsay P. Keller,A. L. David Kilcoyne,Jan Leitner,Graciela Matrajt,Anders Meibom,Vito Mennella,Smail Mostefaoui,Larry R. Nittler,Maria Elisabetta Palumbo,D. A. Papanastassiou,François Robert,Alessandra Rotundi,Christopher J. Snead,Maegan K. Spencer,Frank J. Stadermann,Andrew Steele,Thomas Stephan,Peter Tsou,Tolek Tyliszczak,Andrew J. Westphal,Sue Wirick,Brigitte Wopenka,Hikaru Yabuta,Richard N. Zare,Michael E. Zolensky +54 more
TL;DR: The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-15 excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage and a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.
References
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The Size distribution of interstellar grains
Journal ArticleDOI
Geochim. cosmochim. acta
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From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets☆
TL;DR: In this article, numerical integrations of thousands of massless particles as they evolve from Neptune-encountering orbits in the Kuiper belt for up to 1 Gyr or until they either impact a massive body or are ejected from the Solar System were presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organics captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft.
Scott A. Sandford,Jérôme Aléon,Conel M. O'd. Alexander,Tohru Araki,Sašaǎ Bajt,G. A. Baratta,Janet Borg,John P. Bradley,Donald E. Brownlee,John Robert Brucato,Mark J. Burchell,Henner Busemann,Anna L. Butterworth,Simon J. Clemett,George D. Cody,Luigi Colangeli,George Cooper,Louis Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt,Zahia Djouadi,Jason P. Dworkin,G. Ferrini,Holger Fleckenstein,George J. Flynn,Ian A. Franchi,Marc Fries,Mary K. Gilles,Daniel P. Glavin,Matthieu Gounelle,F. Grossemy,Chris Jacobsen,Lindsay P. Keller,A. L. David Kilcoyne,Jan Leitner,Graciela Matrajt,Anders Meibom,Vito Mennella,Smail Mostefaoui,Larry R. Nittler,Maria Elisabetta Palumbo,D. A. Papanastassiou,François Robert,Alessandra Rotundi,Christopher J. Snead,Maegan K. Spencer,Frank J. Stadermann,Andrew Steele,Thomas Stephan,Peter Tsou,Tolek Tyliszczak,Andrew J. Westphal,Sue Wirick,Brigitte Wopenka,Hikaru Yabuta,Richard N. Zare,Michael E. Zolensky +54 more
TL;DR: The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-15 excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage and a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.
Journal ArticleDOI
The absence of crystalline silicates in the diffuse interstellar medium
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral properties of the spectrum from 8 to 13 μm of the Wolf-Rayet stars were analyzed and the authors determined an upper limit to the degree of crystallinity of silicates in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) and concluded that the crystalline fraction of the interstellar silicates is 0.2% ± 0.1% by mass.
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