Cross-species identification of cancer-resistance associated genes uncovers their relevance to human cancer risk
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Citations
Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species
Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species
References
Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles
Cancer statistics, 2016
Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project
The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
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Frequently Asked Questions (9)
Q2. What are the future works in "Cross-species identification of cancer-resistance associated genes uncovers their relevance to human cancer risk" ?
Lastly, although the knockout mouse data validates the cancer-resistance function of many PC genes ( Fig. 4E ), further studies are obviously required for testing the roles of PC and NC genes ( and their curated gene list in Table S8 ) in human carcinogenesis. Many of the genes identified are implicated in human cancers, and their further study may increase their understanding of human cancer development, prevention and treatment.
Q3. What is the significance of the expression of PC genes in human tissue?
The expression of PC genes in normal human tissues is associated with their lifetime cancer riskAs PC genes are enriched for human TSGs and oncogenes, they may also have roles in modulating human cancer risk.
Q4. What are the top PC-enriched pathways using the MLTAW measure?
The top PC-enriched pathways using the MLTAW measure, where both body size and lifespan are multiplication factors, are dominated by cell cycle regulation and transcription/RNA regulation (Fig. S1), suggesting a stronger role of tissue stem cell division.
Q5. What is the evidence considered for the melanoma model?
Evidence considered are if a gene is: (a) a PC or NC gene (at FDR<0.1) for the all-species, mammals-only, birds-only analysis using both the estimates; (b) human oncogene or tumor suppressor; (c) whose knockout causes early cancer incidence or early cancer onset in mice; (d) is a loss-of-function gene in CTVT; (e) GWAS gene associated with human cancers; (f) expressed mutated genes in single-cell phylogeny of a mouse melanoma model.
Q6. What is the relevance of PC and NC genes to cancer risk in other mammalian species?
PC genes are associated with cancer incidence in mice and canine transmissible venereal tumorsThe authors investigated the relevance of PC and NC genes to cancer risk in other mammalian species.
Q7. What are some of the genes that are currently under investigation for association to cancer risk?
Some of the manually prioritized genes the authors identified are currently under investigation for association to cancer risk, and their results may support greater consideration of their contribution to human cancer development.
Q8. What are the results of a recent study showing that cell cycle, DNA repair, NF?
These results echo those of a recent study showing that cell cycle, DNA repair, NF-κB-related, and immunity pathways have higher evolutionary constraints in larger and longer-living mammals (Kowalczyk et al. 2020).
Q9. What is the median conservation score of all genes in a species?
the authors used either TSGs alone, or oncogenes alone, or TSGs combined with oncogenes to compute the CR score: (Number of TSGs, or oncogenes, or combined > MCS) / (Total number of genes), where MCS is the median conservation score of all genes in a species.