Journal ArticleDOI
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Endel Tulving,Donald M. Thomson +1 more
TLDR
This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items.Abstract:
Recent changes in prctheorclical orientation toward problems of human memory have brought with them a concern with retrieval processes, and a number of early versions of theories of retrieval have been constructed. This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items. Experiments designed to test the currently most popular theory of retrieval, the generation-recognition theory, yielded results incompatible not only with generation-recognition models, but most other theories as well: under certain conditions subjects consistently failed to recognize many recallable list words. Several tentative explanations of this phenomenon of recognition failure were subsumed under the encoding specificity principle according to which the memory trace of an event and hence the properties of effective retrieval cue are determined by the specific encoding operations performed by the system on the input stimuli.read more
Citations
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Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It
TL;DR: The meaning of the terms "method" and "method bias" are explored and whether method biases influence all measures equally are examined, and the evidence of the effects that method biases have on individual measures and on the covariation between different constructs is reviewed.
Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of a collective unconscious was introduced as a theory of remembering in social psychology, and a study of remembering as a study in Social Psychology was carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategies of Discourse Comprehension
Book
Strategies of discourse comprehension
Teun A. van Dijk,Walter Kintsch +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a set of rhetorical schemata to be discussed in what follows, and describe them as descriptions, not definitions, and the bus schema contains information that is neither nor-
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aided Retrieval of Previously Unrecalled Information.
Paul W. Fox,Peter R. Dahl +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Der Einfluß mnemotechnischer Hilfen auf das Erlernen und Behalten verbalen Materials
Abstract: Der Einflus mnemotechnischer Hilfen unterschiedlich starker und pragnanter assoziativer Verbindung zum Lemmaterial auf das Erlernen und auf das kurz und langfristige Behalten sinnvoller Worter wird untersucht. Als mnemotechnische Hilfen finden vom VI vorgegebene haufige, seltene, originelle oder von den Vpn selbsterfundene Assoziationen Verwendung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, das sich in der Lernphase dargebotene mnemotechnische Hilfen sowohl auf kurzals auch auf langfristiges Behalten nur dann fordernd auswirken, wenn sie auch zur Reproduktion vorgegeben werden. Unter den verschiedenen mnemotechnischen Hilfen uben seltene Assoziationen den geringsten fordernden Einflus aus. Haufige Assoziationen steigern die Reproduktionsleistung auch dann, wenn sie nur zur Reproduktion und nicht schon in der Lernphase dargeboten werden. Auf die Anzahl der zum Erreichen des 75%-Kriteriums benotigten Lerndurchgange nimmt die Vorgabe mnemotechnischer Hilfen kernen Einflus.