Journal ArticleDOI
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Endel Tulving,Donald M. Thomson +1 more
TLDR
This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items.Abstract:
Recent changes in prctheorclical orientation toward problems of human memory have brought with them a concern with retrieval processes, and a number of early versions of theories of retrieval have been constructed. This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items. Experiments designed to test the currently most popular theory of retrieval, the generation-recognition theory, yielded results incompatible not only with generation-recognition models, but most other theories as well: under certain conditions subjects consistently failed to recognize many recallable list words. Several tentative explanations of this phenomenon of recognition failure were subsumed under the encoding specificity principle according to which the memory trace of an event and hence the properties of effective retrieval cue are determined by the specific encoding operations performed by the system on the input stimuli.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term memory for context-specific category information at six months.
TL;DR: Information about the place where categories are constructed is prerequisite for retrieval of a category concept from long-term memory, which insures that early category concepts remain stable over relatively long periods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transfer of processing in repetition priming: some inappropriate findings.
TL;DR: This paper found that mixing word and picture primes resulted in greater intra-modal than crossmodal priming for both picture-naming (Experiment 2) and word naming(Experiment 6) tasks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two consequences of generating: Increased inter- and intraword organization of sentences
TL;DR: Two patterns of results emerged on different measures of retention, which suggest that generating, as compared to reading, results in an increase in the semantic interword integration of words in sentences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural Correlates of Retrieval Orientation: Effects of Study–Test Similarity
TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that previously reported ERP retrieval orientation effects depend on differences in similarity between study and test items, and not on the form of the sought for material, and that the effects reflect differences in the processing necessary to maximize over lap between cue and memory representations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the evidence for multistore theories of memory and pointed out some difficulties with the approach and proposed an alternative framework for human memory research in terms of depth or levels of processing.
Book ChapterDOI
Human memory ; A proposed system and its control processes
TL;DR: This chapter presents a general theoretical framework of human memory and describes the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be derived from the overall theory.
Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of a collective unconscious was introduced as a theory of remembering in social psychology, and a study of remembering as a study in Social Psychology was carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology
F. C. Bartlett,Cyril Burt +1 more