Journal ArticleDOI
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Endel Tulving,Donald M. Thomson +1 more
TLDR
This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items.Abstract:
Recent changes in prctheorclical orientation toward problems of human memory have brought with them a concern with retrieval processes, and a number of early versions of theories of retrieval have been constructed. This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items. Experiments designed to test the currently most popular theory of retrieval, the generation-recognition theory, yielded results incompatible not only with generation-recognition models, but most other theories as well: under certain conditions subjects consistently failed to recognize many recallable list words. Several tentative explanations of this phenomenon of recognition failure were subsumed under the encoding specificity principle according to which the memory trace of an event and hence the properties of effective retrieval cue are determined by the specific encoding operations performed by the system on the input stimuli.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Essentials of a Theory of Language Cognition
TL;DR: The authors summarizes the developments within cognitive science before considering implications for language research and teaching, especially as these concern usage-based language learning and cognition in second language and multilingual contexts. But there are many other implications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of context on spontaneous trait and situational attributions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of background information in the generation of spontaneous inferences regarding a target's behavior was examined, where background information was used to predict the target's behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ontogeny of early event memory: I. Forgetting and retrieval by 2- and 3-month-olds.
TL;DR: In this paper, 2-month-olds, trained in the mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm for two daily sessions, showed retrieval deficits relative to 3-montholds, and they showed that factors which delay simple forgetting will correspondingly increase the length of the interval over which a retrieval cue can still be effective in a reactivation paradigm.
Journal ArticleDOI
The importance of seeing the patient: test-enhanced learning with standardized patients and written tests improves clinical application of knowledge
TL;DR: Overall, this study shows that repeated retrieval practice with both SPs and written testing enhances long-term retention and transfer of knowledge to a simulated clinical application.
Journal ArticleDOI
Illuminating the Effects of Dynamic Lighting on Student Learning
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined lighting variables of color temperature, and illumination for affecting sleep, mood, focus, motivation, concentration, and work and school performance of third graders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the evidence for multistore theories of memory and pointed out some difficulties with the approach and proposed an alternative framework for human memory research in terms of depth or levels of processing.
Book ChapterDOI
Human memory ; A proposed system and its control processes
TL;DR: This chapter presents a general theoretical framework of human memory and describes the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be derived from the overall theory.
Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of a collective unconscious was introduced as a theory of remembering in social psychology, and a study of remembering as a study in Social Psychology was carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology
F. C. Bartlett,Cyril Burt +1 more