Journal ArticleDOI
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Endel Tulving,Donald M. Thomson +1 more
TLDR
This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items.Abstract:
Recent changes in prctheorclical orientation toward problems of human memory have brought with them a concern with retrieval processes, and a number of early versions of theories of retrieval have been constructed. This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items. Experiments designed to test the currently most popular theory of retrieval, the generation-recognition theory, yielded results incompatible not only with generation-recognition models, but most other theories as well: under certain conditions subjects consistently failed to recognize many recallable list words. Several tentative explanations of this phenomenon of recognition failure were subsumed under the encoding specificity principle according to which the memory trace of an event and hence the properties of effective retrieval cue are determined by the specific encoding operations performed by the system on the input stimuli.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Screening for dementia with the Memory Impairment Screen
Herman Buschke,Gail Kuslansky,Mindy J. Katz,Walter F. Stewart,Martin J. Sliwinski,Haftan Eckholdt,Richard B. Lipton +6 more
TL;DR: The Memory Impairment Screen provides efficient, reliable, and valid screening for AD and other dementias and presents normative data for use in settings with different base rates (prevalences) of AD and dementia.
Book ChapterDOI
Aging and Cognitive Deficits
Fergus I. M. Craik,Mark S. Byrd +1 more
TL;DR: The age-related effects previously demonstrated in studies using cross-sectional designs have been shown to be artifacts of sampling or of the different social and economic conditions experienced by different age cohorts as discussed by the authors.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned
Kurt VanLehn,Collin F. Lynch,Kay G. Schulze,Joel A. Shapiro,Robert Shelby,Linwood Taylor,Don Treacy,Anders Weinstein,Mary C. Wintersgill +8 more
TL;DR: The Andes system demonstrates that student learning can be significantly increased by upgrading only their homework problem-solving support, and its key feature appears to be the grain-size of interaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
The process of problem‐based learning: What works and why.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors portrayed the process of problem-based learning (PBL) as a cognitive endeavour whereby the learner constructs mental models relevant to problems, and two hypotheses are proposed to explain how learning is driven in PBL; an activation-elaboration hypothesis and a situational interest hypothesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the transfer of information from temporary to permanent memory
TL;DR: It is argued that memory is largely a function of depth and elaboration of the initial encoding, and that the memory deficits found in elderly people and under conditions of divided attention reflect impaired comprehension of the material.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the evidence for multistore theories of memory and pointed out some difficulties with the approach and proposed an alternative framework for human memory research in terms of depth or levels of processing.
Book ChapterDOI
Human memory ; A proposed system and its control processes
TL;DR: This chapter presents a general theoretical framework of human memory and describes the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be derived from the overall theory.
Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of a collective unconscious was introduced as a theory of remembering in social psychology, and a study of remembering as a study in Social Psychology was carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology
F. C. Bartlett,Cyril Burt +1 more