Journal ArticleDOI
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Endel Tulving,Donald M. Thomson +1 more
TLDR
This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items.Abstract:
Recent changes in prctheorclical orientation toward problems of human memory have brought with them a concern with retrieval processes, and a number of early versions of theories of retrieval have been constructed. This paper describes and evaluates explanations offered by these theories to account for the effect of extralist cuing, facilitation of recall of list items by nonlist items. Experiments designed to test the currently most popular theory of retrieval, the generation-recognition theory, yielded results incompatible not only with generation-recognition models, but most other theories as well: under certain conditions subjects consistently failed to recognize many recallable list words. Several tentative explanations of this phenomenon of recognition failure were subsumed under the encoding specificity principle according to which the memory trace of an event and hence the properties of effective retrieval cue are determined by the specific encoding operations performed by the system on the input stimuli.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Perceptual learning of spectrally degraded speech and environmental sounds
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that the perceptual learning of degraded speech is highly context dependent and the type of training and the specific stimulus materials that a subject experiences during perceptual learning has a substantial impact on generalization to new materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition Failure: Another Case of Retrieval Failure.
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical explanation of recognition failure is presented in terms of the dual access theory of recognition, which distinguishes between presentation codes and conceptual (retrieval) codes.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Examination of the Impact of Stimuli Type and GSS Structure on Creativity: Brainstorming Versus Non-Brainstorming Techniques in a GSS Environment
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared Electronic Brainstorming (few rotating dialogues) with Assumption Reversals (many related stimuli, many named dialogues, free movement among dialogues).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the evidence for multistore theories of memory and pointed out some difficulties with the approach and proposed an alternative framework for human memory research in terms of depth or levels of processing.
Book ChapterDOI
Human memory ; A proposed system and its control processes
TL;DR: This chapter presents a general theoretical framework of human memory and describes the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be derived from the overall theory.
Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.
TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of a collective unconscious was introduced as a theory of remembering in social psychology, and a study of remembering as a study in Social Psychology was carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remembering: a study in experimental and social psychology
F. C. Bartlett,Cyril Burt +1 more