Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors
Simonas Ramanavicius,Inga Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene,Urte Samukaite-Bubniene,Vilma Ratautaite,Ieva Plikusiene,Roman Viter,Arunas Ramanavicius +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design are discussed. But, the authors focus on the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of analytical signals.
Journal ArticleDOI
β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Characterization, production, immobilization and applications - A review.
Tiago Lima de Albuquerque,Marylane de Sousa,Natan Câmara Gomes e Silva,Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto,Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente,Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review on the enzyme β-galactosidase from K. lactis is presented, from the perspective of its structure and mechanisms of action, the main catalyzed reactions, the key factors influencing its activity, and selectivity, as well as the main techniques used for improving the biocatalyst functionality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maltose Production Using Starch from Cassava Bagasse Catalyzed by Cross-Linked β-Amylase Aggregates
Rafael Araujo-Silva,Agnes Cristina Oliveira Mafra,Mayerlenis Jimenez Rojas,Willian Kopp,Roberto C. Giordano,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente,Paulo Waldir Tardioli +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) technique was used to convert residual starch contained in cassava bagasse into maltose, achieving a global yield of 82.7 ± 5.8 and 53.3 ± 2.4%.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of molecularly imprinted polymer based phase boundaries for sensors design (review).
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the applicability of these MIPs in the design of affinity sensors is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing Enzyme Activity by the Modulation of Covalent Interactions in the Confined Channels of Covalent Organic Frameworks.
TL;DR: This work covalently immobilized the cytochrome c in the size-matched channels of COFs with different contents of anchoring site, and significant enhancement of the stability and activity (~600% relative activity compared with free enzyme) can be realized by optimizing the covalent interactions.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.