Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Modified silicates and carbon nanotubes for immobilization of lipase from Rhizomucor miehei: Effect of support and immobilization technique on the catalytic performance of the immobilized biocatalysts.
Dilek Alagöz,Ali Toprak,Deniz Yildirim,S. Seyhan Tükel,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) was covalently immobilized on different supports, two silica gels and two carbon nanotube samples, using two different strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation of Stable Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of a Ureibacillus thermosphaericus Esterase for Application in Malathion Removal from Wastewater
TL;DR: The high stability and reusability of CLEA-estUT1 make it applicable for the degradation of insecticides and marked tolerance against a number of chemicals and high operational stability and activity in the reaction of malathion hydrolysis in wastewater.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hierarchically macro/mesoporous silica sphere: A high efficient carrier for enzyme immobilization
Jing Li,Lu-Shuang Li,Li Xu,Li Xu +3 more
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchically macro/mesoporous silica was fabricated, characterized and evaluated as a potential carrier for enzyme immobilization, which contained bicontinuous structure of skeletons and macropores, which were interwoven, thus forming a highly porous network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solid phase chemical modification of agarose glyoxyl-ficin: Improving activity and stability properties by amination and modification with glutaraldehyde
El-Hocine Siar,Sara Arana-Peña,Oveimar Barbosa,Mohammed Nasreddine Zidoune,Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente +4 more
TL;DR: These treatments may be considered interesting for preparing an improved biocatalyst of ficin, mainly in proteolytic applications, and may be considering (mainly the amination) a possibility to further improve enzyme immobilization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chitosan-immobilized pectinolytics with novel catalytic features and fruit juice clarification potentialities.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the clarification of apples, mango, peach, and apricot juices was greatly affected by CTS-PG, C TS-PME, and CTS -PL treatments rendering them as potential candidatures for food industry applications.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.