Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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One-step photostructuring of multiple hydrogel arrays for compartmentalized enzyme reactions in microfluidic devices
Franziska Obst,Franziska Obst,David Simon,David Simon,Philipp J. Mehner,Jens W. Neubauer,Anthony Beck,Oleksandr Stroyuk,Andreas Richter,Brigitte Voit,Brigitte Voit,Dietmar Appelhans +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a technique for the simultaneous photostructuring of hydrogels on the μm scale with different compositions on one substrate is presented, where the integration of several chambers for different hydrogel precursor solutions in one mould allows the simultaneous polyopolymerization of hydroxymethylene (POME) compounds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring magnetic and imprinted cross-linked enzyme aggregates of rhamnopyranosidase in microbioreactors.
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic cross link enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of rhamnopyranosidase (Rhmnase) were developed for glycompounds biosynthesis in microbioreactors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immobilization of enzyme on chiral polyelectrolyte surface.
TL;DR: The results exhibited that L-NAsp PE surface could preserve most of the secondary structures of immobilized enzymes while on D-N aspartic acid PE surface with a large conformation alteration, implying a novel strategy for the design of new enzymes immobilization materials based on the chiral effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly Efficient and Stable Novel NanoBiohybrid Catalyst to Avert 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Pollutant in Water
TL;DR: The covalent immobilization of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase onto functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNT) for degrading the toxic 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid pollutant in water paved its future application for water purification with reduced costs and time.
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Multilayer petal-like enzymatic-inorganic hybrid micro-spheres [CPO-(Cu/Co/Cd)3(PO4)2] with high bio-catalytic activity
TL;DR: A facile preparation of a series of enzyme-inorganic hybrid micro-spheres [chloroperoxidase (CPO)-(Cu/Co/Cd)3(PO4)2] and its application in the decolorization of crystal violet is reported in this paper.
References
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
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Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.