Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Enhanced Activity of Immobilized or Chemically Modified Enzymes
Yifei Zhang,Jun Ge,Zheng Liu +2 more
TL;DR: This work proposes that enhanced enzymatic activities can be attributed to the well-designed specific interactions between immobilization carriers (or chemical modifiers) and enzymes, substrates, or reaction media, and is applicable for both single- and multiple-enzyme systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme assisted extraction of biomolecules as an approach to novel extraction technology: A review.
TL;DR: The present review provides a holistic insight to various aspects related to enzyme aided extraction and includes hyphenated intensification techniques by coupling conventional methods with ultrasound, microwave, high pressure and supercritical carbon dioxide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of magnetic nanoparticles in smart enzyme immobilization.
Hamideh Vaghari,Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri,Mojgan Mohammadlou,Aydin Berenjian,Navideh Anarjan,Nahideh Jafari,Shahin Nasiri +6 more
TL;DR: This review provides an overview of recent developments in enzyme immobilization and stabilization protocols using magnetic nanocarriers and discusses the current applications and future growth prospects.
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Chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution: a powerful tool for the preparation of enantiomerically pure alcohols and amines.
Oscar Verho,Jan-E. Bäckvall +1 more
TL;DR: This Perspective will summarize the more developed area of alcohol DKR, by delineating the way from the earliest proof-of-concept protocols to the current state- of-the-art systems that allows for the highly efficient and selective preparation of a wide range of enantiomerically pure alcohol derivatives.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
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Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
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Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.