Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
New Heterofunctional Supports Based on Glutaraldehyde-Activation: A Tool for Enzyme Immobilization at Neutral pH
Ricardo Rodrigues de Melo,Robson Carlos Alnoch,Adriana Ferreira Lopes Vilela,Emanuel Maltempi de Souza,Nadia Krieger,Roberto Ruller,Hélia Harumi Sato,Cesar Mateo +7 more
TL;DR: New supports developed with different bifunctional groups capable of adsorbing biocatalysts at different regions and able to adsorb and covalently immobilize the four enzymes tested with different recovered activity values proved to be an efficient alternative tool for enzyme immobilization at neutral pH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Additives enhancing the catalytic properties of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized on mixed-function-grafted mesoporous silica gel.
TL;DR: Effects of various additives on the lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized on mixed-function-grafted mesoporous silica gel support by hydrophobic adsorption and covalent attachment were investigated and showed significantly enhanced productivity of immobilized BcL with several additives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Closing the gap for efficient immobilization of biocatalysts in continuous processes: HaloTag™ fusion enzymes for a continuous enzymatic cascade towards a vicinal chiral diol
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the HaloTag™ mediates the covalent immobilization of such fusion enzymes in only a few minutes contact time with the respective modified carrier in a packed-bed reactor, thereby enabling enzyme immobilization directly in the flow setup.
Journal ArticleDOI
Applications of immobilized lipases in enzymatic reactors: A review
TL;DR: In this paper , a technical review focused on exploring the state-of-the-art of industrial applications of immobilized lipases in different reactor systems is presented, and the most common reactor configurations are discussed, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Porous biochar/chitosan composites for high performance cellulase immobilization by glutaraldehyde.
TL;DR: In this work, porous biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse was prepared and then coated with different amounts of chitosan (C@CS) for cellulase immobilization, showing good activity and reusability and the properties of immobilized enzyme were evaluated by activity recovery, optimum pH value and temperature, and recyclability.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.