Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Temperature‐Mediated Regulation of Enzymatic Activity
Yuanyuan Cao,Yapei Wang +1 more
TL;DR: Several fascinating applications including remote control of enzyme and/or substrate release, on‐off enzyme reactions triggered by temperature variation to separate products from enzymes and remote acceleration of enzyme reactions even at room temperature have been highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biocatalytic properties of cell surface display laccase for degradation of emerging contaminant acetaminophen in water reclamation.
Ying Wu,Yingying Chen,Na Wei +2 more
TL;DR: Biocatalytic properties of the SDL in comparison to free laccase in removing emerging contaminant acetaminophen (APAP) and the effect of surface display on enzyme functionality are understood and the strategy to overcome the potential limitation is identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent developments of a co-immobilized laccase–mediator system: a review
TL;DR: This work reviews the methods of co-immobilization of the laccase–mediator system for the first time systematically and comprehensively and discusses the different methodologies of lAccase and mediator immobilization that have been reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation on the Immobilization of Carbonic Anhydrase and the Catalytic Absorption of Carbon Dioxide
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimum conditions, such as pH, immobilization time, temperature, and enzyme dose, for carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilized on polyester polyurethane prepolymer 80 were investigated.
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Biocatalytic epoxidation of α-pinene to oxy-derivatives over cross-linked lipase aggregates
TL;DR: Lipase-based cross-linked aggregates were investigated for a non-specific reaction, i.e. the epoxidation of α-pinene to its oxygenated derivatives, which allowed to transform α- pinene into oxigenated derivatives with industrial and commercial applications.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
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Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
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Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.