Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
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Trends in the development of innovative nanobiocatalysts and their application in biocatalytic transformations.
Elena Gkantzou,Alexandra V. Chatzikonstantinou,Renia Fotiadou,Archontoula Giannakopoulou,Michaela Patila,Haralambos Stamatis +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present distinct immobilization strategies and give a thorough insight into the effect of nanosupports specific properties on the biocatalysts' structure and catalytic performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Entrapment of enzymes in silica aerogels
TL;DR: A generalized, bio-friendly procedure for the entrapment of enzymes in silica aerogel, retaining both the enzymatic activity and the air-light structure of the aerogels, is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous Observation of the Orientation and Activity of Surface-Immobilized Enzymes.
Joshua Jasensky,Kyle L. Ferguson,Maximillian P. Baria,Xingquan Zou,Ryan McGinnis,April K Kaneshiro,Somayesadat Badieyan,Shuai Wei,E. Neil G. Marsh,Zhan Chen +9 more
TL;DR: Measuring β-Glu activity and orientation simultaneously provides more accurate information for designing and further improving enzymatic activity of surface-bound enzymes, including surface functionalization, immobilization chemistry, nature of the solid support, and enzyme surface density.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation, characterization and reusability efficacy of amine-functionalized graphene oxide-polyphenol oxidase complex for removal of phenol from aqueous phase
TL;DR: In this article, an amine-functionalized graphene oxide and polyphenol oxidase (PP-PPO) complex was used for the removal of phenol from aqueous phase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of conventional or non-conventional treatments of biochar for lipase immobilization
Lays Carvalho de Almeida,Anderson Barbosa,Alini Tinoco Fricks,Lisiane dos Santos Freitas,Álvaro S. Lima,Cleide Mara Faria Soares +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the influence of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in the treatment of biochar from guava seeds.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.