Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization: A versatile support for ligand screening.
Isabela Abreu Trindade Ximenes,Pamella Christina Ortega de Oliveira,Camila Anchau Wegermann,Marcela Cristina de Moraes +3 more
TL;DR: A review of the screening assays using enzymes on magnetic particles between 2006 and 2021 can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a critical overview of these assays and their applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combining technology with liquid-formulated lipases for In-Spec biodiesel production
TL;DR: The objective of this review is to highlight new research that focuses on bringing enzymatically produced biodiesel into specification via a liquid lipase polishing process, and the process considerations that come with it.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increase of stability of oleate hydratase by appropriate immobilization technique and conditions
Anamaria Todea,Anamaria Todea,Aida Hiseni,Linda G. Otten,Isabel W. C. E. Arends,Francisc Peter,Carmen G. Boeriu +6 more
TL;DR: Recombinant oleate hydratase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica expressed in Escherichia coli was purified and immobilized for the first time by different immobilization strategies, resulting in a radical improvement of operational stability of OHase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvement of cross-linking and stability on cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA)-xylanase by protein surface engineering
Mohd Khairul Hakimi bin Abdul Wahab,Hesham A. El-Enshasy,Farah Diba Abu Bakar,Abdul Munir Abdul Murad,Jamaliah Md Jahim,Rosli Md. Illias +5 more
TL;DR: The increase in stability and reusability using this approach provides a promising biocatalyst that can be further utilized in the production of prebiotics in the biomass industry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Thermal and Reusability Properties of Xylanase by Genipin Cross-Linking to Magnetic Chitosan Particles
Jorge Gracida,Teresita Arredondo-Ochoa,Blanca E. García-Almendárez,Monserrat Escamilla-García,Keiko Shirai,Carlos Regalado,Aldo Amaro-Reyes +6 more
TL;DR: The immobilization protocol used in this work was successful in retaining enzyme thermal stability and could be important in using natural compounds such as Fe3O4@Chitosan@Xylanase in the harsh temperature condition of relevant industries.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.