Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Immobilization of enzymes and cells on lignocellulosic materials
TL;DR: The applications of lignocellulosic biomass for fermentation, remediation of contaminated water and soil, synthesis of solvents and fine chemicals, juices clarification, and production of fructooligosaccharides are reviewed.
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Immobilization of Laccase from Trametes versicolor on Chitosan Macrobeads for Anthracene Degradation
TL;DR: In this paper, the main product of anthracene oxidation was 9, 10-anthraquinone, which was less toxic than its precursor, and was confirmed by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Selective synthesis of citrus flavonoids prunin and naringenin using heterogeneized biocatalyst on graphene oxide
Jose Miguel Carceller,Julián Paul Martínez Galán,Rubens Monti,Juliana Cristina Bassan,Marco Filice,Marco Filice,Sara Iborra,Jihong Yu,Avelino Corma +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a crude naringinase from Penicillium decumbens was purified by a single purification step resulting in an enzyme with high α-rhamnosidase activity.
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Programming Integrative Extracellular and Intracellular Biocatalysis for Rapid, Robust, and Recyclable Synthesis of Trehalose
TL;DR: A strategy that leverages and integrates the attributes of whole-cell catalysis with enhanced stability of extracellular immobilized enzymes for rapid, robust, recyclable enzyme cascade reactions in a scalable fashion is introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation of spherical cross‐linked lipase aggregates with improved activity, stability and reusability characteristic in water‐in‐ionic liquid microemulsion
TL;DR: In this paper, spherical cross-linking enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of lipase from bovine pancreas (spherical CLEAs) were prepared within droplets dispersed in a water-in-hydrophobic ionic liquid microemulsion rather than a conventional aqueous solution.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.