Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Microbial lipolytic enzymes – promising energy-efficient biocatalysts in bioremediation
Ashok Kumar,Renata Gudiukaite,Alisa Gricajeva,Mikas Sadauskas,Vilius Malunavicius,Hesam Kamyab,Swati Sharma,Tanvi Sharma,Deepak Pant +8 more
TL;DR: This review highlighted some important aspects and strategies of lipolytic enzyme-mediated bioremediation to detoxify the lipid, plastic, pesticide and other environmental waste combined with production of important industrial compounds via less energy consuming way.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-Assembling All-Enzyme Hydrogels for Flow Biocatalysis
Theo Peschke,Patrick Bitterwolf,Sabrina Gallus,Yong Hu,Claude Oelschlaeger,Norbert Willenbacher,Kersten S. Rabe,Christof M. Niemeyer +7 more
TL;DR: The construction of self-assembling all-enzyme hydrogels that are comprised of two tetrameric enzymes that show excellent stereoselectivity with near quantitative conversion in the reduction of prochiral ketones along with high robustness under process and storage conditions are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme Engineering for In Situ Immobilization.
TL;DR: This review provides a brief overview of up-to-date in vitro immobilization strategies while focusing on recent advances in enzyme engineering towards in situ self-assembly into insoluble particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in enzyme extraction strategies: A comprehensive review.
TL;DR: Recent approaches of conventional ATPS combined with different techniques like affinity ligands, ionic liquids, thermoseparating polymers and microfluidic device based ATPS have been reviewed and an overview of CLEAs technology and organic-inorganic nanoflowers preparation as novel strategies for simultaneous extraction, purification and immobilization of enzymes is included.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoporous core@shell particles: Design, preparation, applications in bioadsorption and biocatalysis
Haiyang Su,Qiang Tian,Cameron Alexander Hurd Price,Cameron Alexander Hurd Price,Lin Xu,Kun Qian,Jian Liu,Jian Liu +7 more
TL;DR: A review of nanoporous core@shell particles can be found in this paper, where a brief introduction of the structure and properties of core-shell particles is given, followed by a summary of their application in bioadsorption and biocatalysis.
References
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Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.