Enzyme immobilisation in biocatalysis : Why, what and how
Roger A. Sheldon,Sander van Pelt +1 more
TLDR
An overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).Abstract:
In this tutorial review, an overview of the why, what and how of enzyme immobilisation for use in biocatalysis is presented. The importance of biocatalysis in the context of green and sustainable chemicals manufacture is discussed and the necessity for immobilisation of enzymes as a key enabling technology for practical and commercial viability is emphasised. The underlying reasons for immobilisation are the need to improve the stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst compared to the free enzyme. The lower risk of product contamination with enzyme residues and low or no allergenicity are further advantages of immobilised enzymes. Methods for immobilisation are divided into three categories: adsorption on a carrier (support), encapsulation in a carrier, and cross-linking (carrier-free). General considerations regarding immobilisation, regardless of the method used, are immobilisation yield, immobilisation efficiency, activity recovery, enzyme loading (wt% in the biocatalyst) and the physical properties, e.g. particle size and density, hydrophobicity and mechanical robustness of the immobilisate, i.e. the immobilised enzyme as a whole (enzyme + support). The choice of immobilisate is also strongly dependent on the reactor configuration used, e.g. stirred tank, fixed bed, fluidised bed, and the mode of downstream processing. Emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports such as mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).read more
Citations
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Production of bacterial cellulose from whey-current state and prospects.
TL;DR: It is indicated that currently whey can be recognised as quite a problematic alternative growth substrate for industrial BC production; however, further extensive studies may improve the prospects in both the search for a cheap alternative growth substrates for industrialBC production and valorisation of whey.
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A Novel Cascade Nanoreactor Integrating Two-Dimensional Pd-Ru Nanozyme, Uricase and Red Blood Cell Membrane for Highly Efficient Hyperuricemia Treatment.
Jiang Ming,Tianbao Zhu,Jingchao Li,Zichen Ye,Changrong Shi,Zhide Guo,Jingjuan Wang,Xiaolan Chen,Nanfeng Zheng +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional Pd-Ru nanozyme is prepared and then integrated with uricase and red blood cell (RBC) membrane to fabricate a tandem nanoreactor, PdRu/Uricase@RBC, for hyperuricemia treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Catalytic Activity of Lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica Immobilized by Microencapsulation.
Adejanildo da S. Pereira,Jully Lacerda Fraga,Marianne M. Diniz,Gizele C. Fontes-Sant’Ana,Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral +4 more
TL;DR: A nearly twofold enhancement in Immobilization yield and an increase up to 280 U/g of the lipase activity of the microcapsules were achieved using the experimental design optimization tool.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Biomimetic Tendril-Like Functional Carbon Helices: A Protein Friendly Host for Cytochrome C
Kanakaraj Aruchamy,Meena Bisht,Pannuru Venkatesu,D. Kalpana,M R Nidhi,Nripat Singh,Debasis Ghosh,Dibyendu Mondal,Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj +8 more
TL;DR: The preparation of tendril-like functional carbon helices (TLFCHs) directly from lignocellulosic biomass using a green solvothermal method employing a deep eutectic solvent as both soft template and catalyst demonstrated that TLF CHs showed significant potential as a host for an enzyme without compromising the catalytic activity and thus can be envisaged as a protein friendly biomaterial for facile biocatalysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chicken Feather Derived Novel Support Material for Immobilization of Laccase and Its Application in Oxidation of Veratryl Alcohol
TL;DR: The biocatalytic transformation was performed with TML@ACFP for the oxidation of lignin model compound veratryl alcohol and its application in the biotransformation.
References
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Engineering the third wave of biocatalysis
Uwe T. Bornscheuer,Gjalt W. Huisman,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Romas J. Kazlauskas,Stefan Lutz,Jeffrey C. Moore,Karen Robins +6 more
TL;DR: Applications of protein-engineered biocatalysts ranging from commodity chemicals to advanced pharmaceutical intermediates that use enzyme catalysis as a key step are discussed.
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Enzyme immobilization: The quest for optimum performance
TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes are critically reviewed, with emphasis on relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, e.g., mesoporous silicas, hydrogels, and smart polymers, novel entrapment methods and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications
Alain Pierre,Gerard Pajonk +1 more
TL;DR: Aerogels form a new class of solids showing sophisticated potentialities for a range of applications, and can develop very attractive physical and chemical properties not achievable by other means of low temperature soft chemical synthesis.
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Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of the different existing immobilization strategies to solve the different aforementioned enzyme limitations are given and some advice to select the optimal strategy for each particular enzyme and process is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
TL;DR: A review of the literature on enzymes immobilized on chitin- and chitosan-based materials, covering the last decade, is presented in this paper, where one hundred fifty-eight papers on 63 immobilized enzymes for multiplicity of applications ranging from wine, sugar and fish industry, through organic compounds removal from wastewaters to sophisticated biosensors for both in situ measurements of environmental pollutants and metabolite control in artificial organs, are reviewed.